Download The Rise of Rome

September 4/5th 2012
 No warm ups this week- I only see you 2 days!
 September 4/6: 2-4-6
 September 5/7: 1-3-5
 Today you will get you tests back…
 55-61 A
 49-54 B
 43-48 C
 37-42 D
 36 and lower F
 If you have a 54 or under…you may turn in test corrections by
Thursday/Friday
Goals for Today
 Students will be able to:
 Analyze the importance of geography in Ancient Rome’s
Formation
 Understand the social and political structure of Ancient Rome
 Identify the similarities and differences of the Twelve Tables to
other forms of law codes (Hammurabi, USA, etc.)
 Look at the importance of Pompeii in Ancient Roman history
The Rise of Rome
Chapter 5 Section 1
Roman history is the story of the
Romans’ conquest of Italy and the
entire Mediterranean world. The
Romans were conquerors, but they
also governed, using republican
forms that have been passed down
to us.
Creation Myth of Rome
Romulus and Remus
- Twin sons of Mars (Roman god of War)
- Abandoned by their Uncle Amulius in the Tibor River to
drown.
- Found and raised by a she-wolf
- Found and raised by the Shepard Faustulus
-They kill Amulius
- Both built great cities
- Romulus kills Remus for making fun of his city
- Romulus populates the city of Rome with slaves and
criminals
- Romulus became the first king in 753 BC
- Mars carries him up to the heavens and he becomes the
god Quirinius
Mythical Stories of Rome
The Land and Peoples of Italy
Main Idea: Rome’s Central location and geographic
features made it a desirable location from which to
expans
Geography
 Italy is a peninsula
 750 miles from north to south
 120 miles from east to west
 Rome is the capital of Italy
 Apennine Mountains
 Went north and south
 divided the east and west
Also settled on the island of Sicily
A Favorable Location
 More land to farm than Greece
 Did NOT divided Rome into many small city states
 Rome was built on 7 hills
 Easily defended
 A good central location
Mountains and Rivers of Rome
 Italy’s mountains did not divide Italians
like it did the Greeks
 Italy had more land to farm than Greece
 The Tiber River helped Rome with
farming and transportation
Rome
 Rome was built on
seven hills and was
easy to defend
 Italy sticks out into
the Mediterranean
Sea which made it a
crossroad between
eastern and western
Mediterranean
countries
 Rome was far enough inland
to be safe from pirates
Rome-A Favorable Location
 Latin
 Moved in around 1500 to
1000 B.C.
 Indo-European people who
spoke Latin
 Settled on Latium
 Herders and Farmers
The Peoples of Italy
 Greeks
 Had settled during Greek





colonization 750 B.C. to 550
B.C.
Were mostly in the south
Occupied Sicily
They influenced agriculture
with the introduction of the
grape and olive tree
They influenced culture
with their architecture,
sculpture and literature
Adopted their alphabet
Etruscans
 The Etruscans had the greatest influence
on the Romans
 They were located North of Rome in Etruria,
they expanded into Italy and came into
control Rome and most of Latium
 They turned the Latin villages into the city
of Rome
 Romans adopted their dress, the toga and
shirt cloak
 Also adopted their military organization
The Roman Republic
Main Idea: The Romans were practical and skillful in
politics and military matters
Establishment of Roman Republic
 Early Rome was under the
control of seven kings and
several were Etruscans
 Establishment of Roman
Republic
 The Romans overthrew the
last Etruscan King in 509 B.C,
they established the Roman
Republic
 Republic: a form of
government in which the
leader is not a monarch and
certain citizens have the right
to vote.
War and Conquest
 Rome was surrounded
by enemies and for the
next 200 years they
fought continuous
warfare
 338 Rome crushed the
Latin states, and then
the Greek states
 Defeated the Greeks in
264 B.C. and virtually
conquered all of Italy
Roman Confederation
 Was devised by Italy to rule
 Allowed some people- especially Latin's- to have full Roman citizenship
 Most of the communities remained allies
 Allowed to run their own local affairs ONLY if they provided soldiers to
Rome
 Made it clear that Roman allies could become citizens
Why was Rome Successful?
 Ancestors and History:
 To Ancient Romans, they believed that their ancestors
were successful because a sense of duty, courage and
discipline.
 Diplomacy: They extended Roman citizenship and
allowed states to run their own internal affairs.
 They could be firm when necessary, crushing
rebellions without mercy.
 Military: They were accomplished and persistent
soldiers.
 Built fortified towns throughout Italy; also built roads
that connected the empire.
Why was Rome successful?
 Brilliant Strategists: Built roads to connect towns
that they conquered
 By doing this, Rome could move troops quickly
throughout the territory
 Practical: Not ideal government, but one that
responded to problems that arose
Political Structure
Roman Political Structure
 Early Rome was divided into two groups- the
patricians and the plebeians
I. Patricians
 Wealthy land owners,
Rome’s ruling class
 Minority of the roman
Republic
 Not a lot of people in this
group
 Only ones could could be
voted into office
II. Plebeians
 Less wealthy
landowners, small
farmers, craftspeople,
and merchants
 They were the
workers
 Made up the majority
of the population
 Citizens and could
vote
Patronage and Politicians
CEOs: Consuls
 Chief executive
officers of the
Roman
Republic
 Highest office
 chosen every
year two years
 ran the
government
 led the army
into battle
Praetors/Judges
 In charge of civil
law that applied to
all Roman citizens
 Look over judicial
affairs
 Could judge or
appoint a judge
Senate
 Roman Senate: Select group of about 300
patricians who served for life
 Approved laws, controlled finances and made public
policy.
Assemblies
 The Roman Republic also had
several assemblies
 Centuriate assembly
 Most important
 Elected the chief officials and
passed laws
 Organized in classes based on
wealth
 Wealthy citizens always held the
majority
Council of Plebs
 Council of the Plebs
 Came into being as a result of the struggle between
the two Roman social orders
The Struggle of Orders
 Caught in the middle of the struggle between
patricians and plebeians were children
 They were forbidden to marry each other
 Plebeians resented this b/c since they served in the
Roman army that protected the republic they
thought they deserved political and social equality
 Led to the success of the plebeians
 In 287 B.C. the council of the plebs received the right
to pass laws for all Romans
 All male Roman citizens were now supposedly equal under the
law
Rome’s Social Imbalance
 Rome’s chief gift to Roman
the
Mediterranean world was
its system of laws
 Twelve Tables (450 B.C.)
 First code of laws for Rome
 Written on 12 tablets
 Roman developed a more
sophisticated system of
laws
 Applied to only Roman
citizens
 Problems arose when noncitizens had to be dealt with
Law
Law of Nations
 Natural law or
universal law
based on reason
 Established
standards of
justice that
applied to all
people
Legal Principles of Today
 Many legal ideas that
we use now
originated in
Ancient Rome
 Innocent until
proven guilty
 People accused of a
crime are allowed to
defend themselves
before a judge
 A judge is expected
to weigh evidence
before reaching a
legal decision.
Activity: Twelve Tables
 You have the next 20 minutes to work on the Twelve Tables
with your assigned group members
 Each group will present…however you will not know what
question you will answer.
 Make sure to answer each question thoroughly and
completely.