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PROJECT DEVELOPMENT FACILITY REQUEST FOR Pipeline Entry and PDF Block B APPROVAL AGENCY’S PROJECT ID: 098248 GEFSEC PROJECT ID: PENDING COUNTRY: Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru PROJECT TITLE: Design and Implementation of Pilot Climate Change Adaptation Measures in the Andean Region aiming at climate resilient sustainable development. GEF AGENCY: World Bank OTHER EXECUTING AGENCY(IES): Regional Adaptation Project Secretariat (& RPIU). Bolivia: Programa Nacional De Cambios Climáticos; Ecuador: Ministerio Ambiente; Peru: CONAM; SG-CAN; State/Local Gov; Climadapt Agencies, CCCCC, UNFAO IDWGCC DURATION: Project Start 2006 (5 years) GEF FOCAL AREA: Climate Change GEF OPERATIONAL PROGRAM: Special Climate Change Fund GEF STRATEGIC PRIORITY: Adaptation to Climate Change ESTIMATED STARTING DATE: August 2006 ESTIMATED WP ENTRY DATE: JULY 2006 PIPELINE ENTRY DATE: November 2005 FINANCING PLAN (US$) GEF ALLOCATION Project (estimated) SCCF Project Co-financing (estimated) 6,700,000 20,100,000 PDF A* PDF B** SCCF 590,000 PDF C Sub-Total GEF PDF 590,000 PDF CO-FINANCING (details provided in Part II, Section E – Budget) GEF Agency National Contribution 200,000 Others 110,000 Sub-Total PDF Co310,000 financing: Total PDF Project 900,000 Financing: * Indicate approval date of PDFA N/A ** If supplemental, indicate amount and date of originally approved PDF N/A RECORD OF ENDORSEMENT ON BEHALF OF THE GOVERNMENT: Bolivia: Viceministerio Recursos Naturales y Medio Ambiente; Date: Letters of endorsement have been Ecuador, Ministerio Relaciones. Exteriores; Peru,Sra. Mariano received from all participating countries Castro Sánchez Moreno, Secretario Ejec, Consejo Nacional del (Bolivia Peru and Ecuador) Ambiente (CONAM); This proposal has been prepared in accordance with the guidance for the Special Climate Change Fund, GEF policies and procedures, and meets the standards of the GEF Project Review Criteria for approval. Steve Gorman GEF Executive Coordinator, World Bank Date: December 2, 2005 Jocelyne Albert Sr. GEF Regional Coordinator Latin America and the Caribbean, World Bank Tel. and email: (202) 473-3458 [email protected] 1 PART I - PROJECT CONCEPT A - SUMMARY The proposed project supports regional efforts to define adaptation measures to meet the anticipated impacts from Climate Change in the Andean highlands and in prioritized Andean-origin river basins highly impacted by extreme weather events, identified in the national communications as highly vulnerable areas and selected for immediate attention, and to implement high priority adaptation activities. Priority will be given to adaptation activities of common interest to participating countries in the highly vulnerable highland and in glacier dependent watersheds, an ecosystem that is shared by the participating countries. The project intends to learn and disseminate lessons of worldwide application on how to adapt to climate change with this ecosystem-wide approach. Key Development Issue Climate is rapidly changing at a global scale. The key driving force is the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that result from anthropogenic activities. Since the 1800s, the mean surface temperature has increased at the rate of one degree Celsius per century, with most of the change concentrated in the last few decades. Seen over the scale of the last millennium, the rapid warming represents a strong deviation from the norm. With the continuing emission of greenhouse gases, it is now projected that the mean surface temperature may increase up to close to 6 degrees Celsius during the next 100 years (IPCC, TAR, 2001). A change of this magnitude is unprecedented and will result in significant impacts at a global scale, potentially irreversible disrupting the overall biosphere. Climate change is in sum a very serious environmental challenge that can affect the prospects for sustainable development. Recent research shows that climate change will be even more pronounced in high elevation mountain ranges (Bradley et al. 2004). While much attention has been paid to climate change in polar regions, mountains that extend in the troposphere have been warming faster than adjacent lowlands (Diaz et al. 2003). Thus heavily populated, high elevation areas in the tropics, such as the tropical Andes, are now and will likely continue to experience particularly dramatic changes in climate. In particular, global warming has been linked to the accelerated retreat of tropical glaciers in the Andes with major implications for water supply for agriculture and human consumption and for power generation and to an increase in the weather variability and weather extremes affecting the Andean ecosystems and Andean origin river basins and downstream, with, immense repercussions on ecosystem integrity and welfare of local populations. Glacial melt and impacts to the water cycle in mountainous areas. Highland Andean ecosystems are very vulnerable to climate change impacts. For example, glacial retreat in the Andes is happening at an alarming rate (Corripio, 2004; Francou, 2004). Recent measurements show catastrophic declines in glacier volumes which are likely to result in substantial impacts on water flows to Andean valleys. At lower mountain altitutes, observed climatic changes include deterioration of watersheds and depletion of water recharge capacities, increased likelihood of flash fires, and biotic changes in ecosystem thresholds and composition. Glacier in the Peruvian Andes in 1980 and from the same position in 2002. Cordillera Blanca, Peru. (Bryan and Mark Lynas) 2 Moreover, there is substantive risk of glacial lakes outburst floods (GLOFs) and highland flash floods, placing large downstream populations and infrastructure at risk. These dramatic hydrological and ecological changes will likely result in a loss of global biodiversity, in addition to losses in eco-system dependent goods and services, especially potable and agricultural water supply, and associated hydropower potential, including the loss of traditional water management and agricultural practices and techniques. Catastrophic regression of GLACIER YANAMAREY ( Cordillera Blanca, Peru-altitude 4786 msnm.) 1987 1982 1997 2005 In a study made by Tyndall Centre1, a recognized UK research institution, Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru were considered among the riskiest countries worldwide to climate change impacts (Peru is the third one after Honduras and Bangladesh). Peru contains roughly 71% of the globe's tropical glaciers. Since the early 1980s (PCC, 2004) Peruvian glaciers have lost about 22% of glacier surface, (500 Km2) equivalent to 7,000 million cubic meters of water (about ten years of water supply for Lima)2. Peru also has over 12,000 lakes and ponds that could be destabilized from glacier melt. Similar reductions have been documented in Ecuador and Bolivia. A 1 Country level risk indicators from outcome data on climate-related disasters: an exploration of the Emergency Events Database Nick Brooks and W. Neil Adger, 2003 2 In 1970, an earthquake fractured a glacier mass causing LLanganuco Lake to overflow, killing 20, 000 people in the small cities of Yungay and Ranrahirca. 3 recent analysis has shown that 90% of the volume of the Chacaltaya Glacier in Bolivia has been lost since 1940 and predictions call for its ultimate demise in less than 20 years. Furthermore, the combined impacts of global warming, ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation), and extreme weather events on mountain hydrology are diminishing the water flow used by populations downstream (IRD 2004). and are likely to have devastating impacts on highland and associated downstream ecosystems, altering the ecology and livelihoods of millions of people, whose GHG emissions are negligible. Potential impact on water supply. Changes are expected in regional water supplies, including areas impacted by accelerated glacier melting, placing millions of already economically and environmentally stressed ecosystems and inhabitants at further risk of inadequate potable water. Glaciers disappearance is associated with excess runoff. Once they melt water availability will be severely curtailed. Furthermore, climate-induced glacial melt will likely precipitate the migration of human populations and mega faunal animals affected by extreme events. Thus, an average change in the distribution of water, hydro, and agricultural resources will precipitate hydrological stressors that will likely cause a sharp rise in intraregional and country-scale inequities, and possibly risk of political instability and conflicts. Potential impact on agriculture. Semiarid mountainous ecosystems in the region are highly vulnerable to disruption of local hydrological patterns, placing subsistence agriculture and consequently rural livelihoods at risk. Anticipated dramatic fluctuations in the hydrological cycle will exacerbate already stressed ecosystems, and reduce biodiversity and productivity of highland agricultural lands because of unreliable water supply. Furthermore, poor land use practices exacerbate already compromised and destabilized watersheds, root retention structures, and ecosystems. Much of the current research suggests yield decreases in the Andean highlands, as a consequence of affectation to the water cycle and higher soil surface temperatures if no adaptation options are considered. The adaptive limitations of less-developed sub-regions will likely increase the disparity in food production and food security in rural highlands. It is also important to consider that much of the lowlands basins strongly depend on the tributary streams coming from the mountain regions, therefore impacts will be felt also downstream of the rivers. Potential impact on energy generation. The region relies on hydropower to cover a majority of its power requirements, and many rivers that are used to generate hydroelectricity are glacier- or mountain lakefed. Indeed a majority of power generation ine Peru (80%) and Ecuador (50%) is met through hydropower. Reduction in water flows will reduce the potential for power generation and directly induce a carbonization of the power sector (countries going back to thermal power planst to make up for reduced hydropower potential) therefore increasing the greenhouse gas emissions of these systems. Recent studies in Ecuador suggest that during the low-water period, the Paute Project (Paute river basin) would only be providing between 43% and 45% of average power capacity, that represents a deficit of about 27% compared to energy production under normal conditions. Urgent measures are thus required to document, with a higher level of certainty, anticipated climate impacts in the Andean region, and to formulate adaptation policy actions and measures that will illustrate how to meliorate these catastrophic changes. Consequently, Andean Governments in the region are beginning to emphasize the need to design and implement Development Plans that take into account the impacts of climate change in high mountain ecosystems. 4 The Bank/GEF: The World Bank is playing a key role in contributing to the adaptation sector. Two of the three projects already in the GEF’s Strategic Program on Adaptation portfolio are in Latin America and the Caribbean. It is envisioned that this Project would benefit from existing adaptation project synergies supported by World Bank-assisted preparation activities in the Caribbean and Colombia. This Project would operate within the context of decisions taken at COP7 and COP 8, which emphasize the need to focus GEF resources towards adaptation initiatives. Also Decision 5CP/7 requests the GEF to make operational a Special Climate Change Fund to support the implementation of specific adaptation measures. This fund has become operational in the fall of 2005 and the proposed projects would be one of the first interventions under the fund. The development objective of the proposed project is to support regional efforts to implement adaptation measures to meet the anticipated impacts from climate change in the Andean highlands and in related river basins This will be achieved through: a) identifying ongoing or planned government interventions with outcomes highly vulnerable to extreme weather events and climate change and assessing measures and policy options to adapt to the effects of climate change as well as development projects within which adaptation can be mainstreamed; and b) implementing regional and strategic adaptation pilots to address key climate impacts on their economies. Priority will be given to pilots from vulnerable highland and coastal glacial-dependent watersheds, other associated ecosystems, and regions of mutual interest to participating member countries, where the impacts on global commons and associated local impacts are the highest. 4. Project Description. Components and Activities a) Identification, selection & formulation of adaptation measures: Activities under this component will build on the results of the national communications. Specifically, the findings of the communications will be used to support the identification and formulation of adaptation measures. The project would support consultancies and services required for: i) assessment of future climate scenario impacts on key ecosystems, runoff availability, and on the incidence of extreme events (both floods and droughts); and, ii) selection of ongoing or planned governments programs highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, affecting key economic activities or sensitive ecosystems and preliminary assessment of possible adaptation options (soft ones as management, policy, and hard ones as infrastructure.). While the assessment of future climate scenario impacts on key ecosystems has been conducted under the UNDP National Communications for Peru, the project will focus on the assessments for Ecuador and Bolivia thus achieving the same analytical basis for the three countries. The project will build analytical capacity for policy and project evaluation that can be expanded subsequently to include other sectors. Likely areas for immediate intervention include watersheds, and consequent impacts on hazards to life and property, watershed ecology and desertification, water availability for hydropower, human consumption and productive use as for example irrigation, agricultural productivity/fishery & food security. b) Implementation of pilot adaptation measures. The project would support consultancies, goods and services required for (i) designing the selected high priority adaptation measures, including institutional coordination, legal and regulatory assessments, stakeholder analysis and consultation process, and public awareness for the implementation of adaptation measures; and (ii) implementation of pilot adaptation projects in selected communities and where vulnerability is greatest and region's interest highest, with the existing initiatives for development. B - COUNTRY OWNERSHIP 1. COUNTRY ELIGIBILITY Participating countries are parties to the UNFCCC, and have signed the Kyoto Protocol. National Communications coincide in their priorities to identify global climate change impacts that will affect 5 sustainable economic development. Moreover, NC1s encourage the development of adaptation plans, policies, and actions to respond to anticipated climate variability and extremes. 3 2. COUNTRY DRIVENESS This Regional Project: Design and Implementation of Pilot Climate Change Adaptation Measures in the Andean Region is consistent with the stated priorities of participating country National Communications. During COP 10 in Buenos Aires, the Focal Points for the Andean countries came together, to discuss and agree in principle to collaborate on the development of a proposal for funding from the GEF, and other possible funding agencies. The project will be focused on an ecosystem that is common and unique to the central and northern Andes of the continent, where snow caps and glaciers are rapidly disappearing. The regional approach will allow the development of adaptation activities under different conditions (variations) in the cultural and socio-economic milieu of the different countries, increasing its global knowledge value; yet, taking advantage of economies of scale. The countries have obtained technical assistance and inter-agency coordination support from participating member agencies of the ClimAdapt network to facilitate development of this regional adaptation project proposal, and identification of prospective co-financiers. The proposed Project has the support of the respective Ministries of the Environment, along with the GEF and UNFCCC Focal Points. This proposal is consistent with the respective National Development Plans and Strategies of the respective participating countries. Country and Regional Driveness is also illustrated through the region's desire to establish a Regional Andean Secretariat, to equitably represent the unique climate change challenges, concerns and adaptive requirements of each member country, and to effectively provide collaborative coordination to this pioneering effort. In addition to its formal endorsement of this regional Project, Bolivia’s ground-breaking climate change adaptation Project – Formulation of the National Adaptation Plan of Action (Comunidad de Aprendizaje y Acción sobre el Cambio Climático para la Adaptación Social y Resiliencia), and other specific studies and projects regarding adaptation initiatives – provides an enabling environment within which it is possible to synergistically develop further this Regional Project. These adaptation-related actions flow from the National Climate Change Program, and are being implemented in concert with different national and local actors. 3 Bolivia signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) during the Earth Summit (UN Conference on Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, and ratified the agreement in November 2004. It also produced its First National Communication (NC1) in 2000. Bolivia also structured its National Inter-institutional Committee of Climate Change in 1999. Ecuador signed the Convention in 1992 and ratified on 23 February 1993. It has developed and adopted Guidelines for Climate Change Policy (1999). The establishment of the National Climate Committee (CNC), by executive decree in June 1999, was a clear signal of the importance of climate change for the country. Ecuador's First National Communication (NC1, 2000) was developed, under the responsibility of the GEF-UNDP ECU/99/G31 Climate Change Project, and with the supervision and support of the Ministry of the Environment, on behalf of the CNC. Peru ratified the agreement May 24, 1993. Peru produced its First National Communication on March 2, 2001, and established its National Commission on Climate Change-NCCC (involving 13 public and non public institutions) to fulfill the commitments of the Climate Change Convention (UNFCCC). This NCCC (lead by the National Environmental Council-CONAM) proposed the National Strategy on Climate Change which was approved by Supreme Decree on 2003. CONAM directs the PROCLIM project (Peruvian Climate Change and Air Quality Program) which is responsible for implementing part of the NECC. 6 Ecuador and Bolivia fully endorse the Climate Change Convention, and recognize the fundamentality of establishing a regional climate adaptation (risk management) Secretariat. Peru is working on several climate change issues within the framework of the National Agreement, (policies 10 and 19; poverty reduction and sustainable development). Moreover, Peru held an inter-agency Project meeting on March 20/21 to discuss activities over their upcoming 2005 implementation period. During this meeting, there was discussion and agreement that Project activities relating to this proposed Andean Regional Adaptation Project, with participating Andean host countries would be fully incorporated into Peru’s (PROCLIM’s) upcoming Project Plan. C – PROGRAM AND POLICY CONFORMITY 1. PROGRAM DESIGNATION AND CONFORMITY Strategic Priorities: At the ninth session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in December 2003, Parties agreed upon guidance for the operation of the Special Climate Change Fund (Decision 5/CP.9). This fund was agreed in Marrakesh in 2001 (COP7). The proposed Project follows the guidance defined by the UNFCCC for the SCCF. It will, where sufficient information is available, look for implementation of adaptation activities to address the adverse impacts of climate change; it will complement government traditional interventions in the area of water resources management with emphasis in water supply and irrigation in highland areas including mountain ecosystems. Moreover the proposed Project will serve as a catalyst to leverage additional resources from bilateral and other multilateral sources. The Activities to be funded under the proposed Project are country-driven, cost-effective and integrated into national priorities as expressed in the 1st National Communications and NAPA. In addition to the above, the proposed Project will help to address some of the Poverty Reduction Strategic Plan (PRSP) and Millennium Development Goals (MDG) targets (especially targets 9 and 10)4, by developing intra-regional and host national adaptation approaches that will be implemented in vulnerable Pacific, Amazon, and Caribbean-based highland and lowland dependent watersheds, mountainous ecosystems, cross-border watersheds, agriculturally productive regions, human settlements, as well as downstream coastal-dependent settlements. In accordance with host-country National Communications, the project will follow operational adaptation guidelines. Adaptive policies and practices in priority regions and sectors will be integrated into National Sustainable Development and Poverty-Reduction Strategies/Processes. 2. PROJECT DESIGN With glaciers and paramos continuing to shrink at an alarming rate, the hydrological cycles across the Andean region will be permanently compromised without some sort of adaptive coping and risk management mechanisms for biodiversity, land degradation and economic activities. These climateinduced changes would mean a dramatic reduction in biodiversity and increased ecosystem deterioration, significant degradation in agriculture productivity and food security, risk to human health, and potential damage to public and community utility infrastructure. Andean governments, civil society, and the private sector have not yet taken the necessary steps to incorporate climate change impacts into their respective environmental and developmental policies and 4 Target 9: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and program and reverse the loss of environmental resources; Target 10: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation 7 programs. Yet, these impacts are increasingly visible and important. Thus, the region requires the formulation and implementation of adaptive measures to meet these challenges. Without SCCF Involvement: Without SCCF resources, the adoption of specific measures to address climate impacts will not take place as these critical but progressive needs compete with immediate economic development requirements GEF funding is required as it is unlikely that similar adaptation project design and development funding would be made available under a business as usual scenario, where other multiple local and regional challenges demand all available technical and financial available resources. Without SCCF involvement, a regional approach that supports climate change adaptation activities that generate benefits by alleviating barriers to development caused by the effects of climate change and which may be primarily local benefits seems very unlikely. . Also, without SCCF resources, efforts to identify and commit co-financing for the project would be difficult. With SCCF Financial Support: The anticipated climate changes show impacts on water supply, agriculture, energy generation, placing whole populations at risk of migrating. The SCCF involvement will help addressing these primarily local impacts but of common interest and importance to the sustainable development of the three countries. Adaptation measures suggested within this Project would be significantly bolstered with SCCF support. This Project would support a regional adaptation Project, encompassing three large continental countries. The funds given by SCCF will help finance the additional costs of achieving climate resilient sustainable development imposed on the aforementioned vulnerable countries by the impacts of climate change. At COP7, the SCCF was established with Adaptation as its top priority. SCCF support will provide an enabling environment for regional efforts to address the ravages attributed to climate variability and extremes in Pacific-based highland and coastal-dependent watersheds, and human settlements. The proposal seeks funding from the SCCF on a 1 to 3 ratio with local and other donors cofinancing, as indicated in section D Financing Plan. The Project is requesting $6.7 million from SCCF to finance one quarter of the $26.8m project cost, which is justified under a sliding scale range for project over $5 million defined by the SCCF Programming paper. If successful, the Project will achieve the necessary incorporation of climate change impact and adaptation capacity and mainstreaming initiatives within Poverty Reduction Strategic Plans (PRSPs) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). 3. SUSTAINABILITY (INCLUDING FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY) Critical Mass for Adaptive Development Planning Selected adaptation initiatives will complement ongoing or planned government programs addressing the key sectors vulnerable to climate change. The project will add on to these government activities by incorporating long term climate change considerations in planning, designing and implementing the specific actions. Such a design guarantees mainstreaming climate change consideration in the selected areas and sectors toward integrate climate change adaptation in the sustainable development efforts in those selected areas. Participating host governments will ensure the sustainability of Project outcomes through integration and mainstreaming of climate change adaptation measures and appropriate adaptation mechanisms in national initiatives related to their Poverty Reduction Strategic Plans (PRSPs) and MDG Goals. Adaptation measures implemented under this Project will provide useful practical examples on how climate change impacts can be incorporated and mainstreamed into regional and municipal government Development Plans and programming frameworks, and into poverty alleviation strategies. 8 Decentralized Civil Society Buy-In Participating countries seek to develop and implement decentralized bottom-up adaptation initiatives to avoid the inherent delays and resource drain attributed to top-down Project management. Furthermore, it is expected that local municipal and community-based replicable models will be effectively developed to ensure the practical low-technology transfer of adaptive knowledge and lessons learned to other equally vulnerable communities and sectors in the region, and beyond (see FCCC/SBSTA/2004/INF.13). Civil Society will be engaged at the target community level through an outreach adaptation campaign, and through pilot municipal efforts. This will be done in partnership with community-based organizations (CBOs), and municipal and provincial leaders involved in grassroots programming. Participatory mainstreaming pilots, hosted by national government and by municipal authorities in vulnerable areas, will engender buy-in at the local level. 4. REPLICABILITY The implementation of adaptation pilots will be used to disseminate expertise and know-how. Project outcomes will provide substantive lessons observed and learned re climate impact and adaptive practices. Dissemination of lessons learned, public education and outreach initiatives, and transborder linkages will ensure ongoing and effective knowledge exchange of accrued adaptive expertise. Projects will be used to disseminate adaptation knowledge. 5. STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT/INTENDED BENEFICIARIES Stakeholder involvement: In the case of all four countries, host national environmental authorities (Ministries of the Environment/Natural Resources/Environmental Councils) have endorsed this Project through GEF Focal Points5. Intended Beneficiaries: Participating countries have identified, in their National Communications to the UNFCCC, numerous regions, sectors, and populations that are at increased risk from the impacts of climate change, including glacier melt and other changes in the water cycle in mountain areas and downstream watersheds. Project beneficiaries include marginal indigenous campesinos and peri-urban populations in areas adjacent to, or dependent on glacial melt flows, and heavily reliant on surface and downstream water for their agricultural subsistence, and potable water supplies. Pacific highland, Amazon, and coastal populations along riverbeds are particularly at risk from glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) and downstream flash floods. Isolated communities without adequate access to public health facilities will likely suffer increased morbidity from climate-induced water (dysentery, giardia) and 5 For Bolivia, the implementing agency is the Vice Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment through the National Program of Climate Change and its adaptation projects and programs. For Ecuador, the Climate Change Unit (Unidad de Cambio Climàtico) of the Ministry of the Environment will be the principal agency responsible. For Peru, the Consejo Nacional de Ambiente (CONAM) as Peru´s national environmental authority, will likely be the principal implementing agency under this Project. Under CONAM's auspices, there have been important achievements made by the Programa de Cambio Climático y Calidad de Aire (PROCLIM), mandated to promote training and adaptive practices, promote CDM, and conduct climate change and air quality public awareness campaigns and initiatives. PROCLIM's primary objective is to strengthen the country's overall national capacity via 13 public and private sector institutions, along with over 70 partnering institutions throughout Peru's cities and regions. This newly proposed program, under the auspices of CONAM, will enhance existing national climate change capacity. Furthermore, regional environmental commissions will be engaged, along with numerous public and private sector institutions (i.e., river basin authorities, regional governments, public institutions, universities, NGO´s) already involved in multi-sectoral risk management reduction in development. . 9 vector-borne pathogens (malaria, dengue, lyme disease). Populations and industry that are heavily reliant on glacier-fed outflows for hydro generation and therefore vulnerable to extreme hydrological discharge or drought-induced water loss are also a focus. D. Financing 1) Financing Plan Components 1. Identification, selection and formulation of adaptive measures 700 Andean Region (US$K) 1,800 1.1 Assessment of current and projected impacts on downstream water availability for potable water supplies, agriculture and power generation; 1.2 Identification and selection of highly vulnerable economic activities and ecosystems and identification and preliminary assessment of possible adaptation options. 1.3 Formulation of regional adaptation strategy. 300 600 200 1,100 200 600 800 1,600 200 600 300 1,100 4,500 9,500 5,600 19,600 500 1000 500 2,000 4,000 8,500 3,100 17,600 800 600 1400 700 1,300 2,000 700 1,300 2,000 6,700 13,200 2. Implementation of Pilot adaptation measures 2.1 Institutional analysis, legal and regulatory assessments, a stakeholder analysis and consultation process, and public awareness for the implementation of pilot adaptation projects in selected communities and key economic sectors. 2.2 Design and implementation of pilot adaptation projects in selected communities and where vulnerability is greatest and region’s interest highest. 3. Monitoring and documentation of global learning lessons public outreach, and facilitating links to exchange of experiences with other countries 4. Project management TOTAL SCCF (US$K) 10 Other Donors (US$K) 1,300 Total Cost (US$K) 3,800 6,900 26,800 2) Co-Financing Co-financing resources will be identified through sources such as CIDA, NOAA, UNDP, EU (ECHO), COSUDE. Anticipated co-financing is of the order of US$6,900,000 E - INSTITUTIONAL COORDINATION AND SUPPORT 1) CORE COMMITMENTS AND LINKAGES (Also see E2) Core Executing Agency: Because of the multilateral and multi-disciplinary nature of this Project, a central coordinating body, representing participating countries (UNFCCC/GEF Focal Points & implementing agencies) and international partnerships, is required to ensure effective Project delivery and inter-agency and trans-border coordination. The implementation arrangements will be determined during project formulation6. Other GEF Project Links: A concerted effort will be made by participating Andean member countries to collaborate with other concurrent GEF sponsored project implementing agencies to exchange mutually beneficial knowledge. Opportunities for inter-agency and cross-border cooperation and collaboration will be explored through the development of knowledge sharing and operational protocols to enhance Project synergies. Linkage with Colombia’s INAP and Caribbean SPA: This project is intended for support under the SCCF. Thus, emphasis is being given to the implementation of adaptation measures that will bring value added in terms of global learning and not duplicate activities under implementation or preparation. In this context the Project would coordinate its work with activities being developed under the Colombia Integrated National Adaptation Project (INAP), and the Dominica, St. Lucia and St. Vincent Adaptation in Coastal Zones Project (SPA) with CARICOM’s Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC), both being implemented through the World Bank GEF. Linkages will be considered with the Organization of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty - OTCA project “Integrated and Sustainable Management of Transboundary Water Resources in the Amazon River Basin” which aims to strengthen the institutional framework for planning and executing activities for the protection and sustainable management of the land and water resources of the Amazon River Basin in the face of ongoing climatic changes being experienced in the Basin. This Project has the support of the Organization of American States-OAS. The project would also coordinate activities with the TF funded project “Adaptation Strategies to the Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts of El Nino for Rural Communities in Ecuador and Peru”, 6 Some alternatives being discussed include: A. Peru: It is proposed that project implementation unit be temporarily housed in Peru, for purposes of the formulation stage. This is because of Peru's regional centrality in the Andes, its sharing of borders with participating host countries, and its installed institutional capacity for adaptation programming. B. OAS: The implementation unit may operate out of the Organization of American States (OAS), who have tentatively agreed to play a transitional coordinating role. The OAS is a well-established and reputable international agency in the region, and would offer considerable resources to this Project. The OAS is currently managing a GEF-funded Andean project: Integrated & Sustainable Management of Trans-Boundary Water Resources in the Amazon Basin. For these reasons, the OAS is well positioned to effectively coordinate this Project, and to provide capacity building to the prospective Andean Regional Adaptation Secretariat as Executing Agency. C. SG-CAN: The unit could also be housed within the General Secretariat Community of Andean Nations (SG-CAN). Disaster management and civil defense are institutional priorities for the SG-CAN, which hosts some of the region's risk management technical experts. The SG-CAN is comprised of host-national Civil Defense (Ministry) and Foreign Affairs authorities. 11 which is currently aimed at identifying key vulnerabilities and specific capacity building measures. El Nino events have become more frequent since 1976 with some devastating effects in particular on the economies of Ecuador and Peru. 2) CONSULTATION, COORDINATION AND COLLABORATION BETWEEN AND AMONG IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES, EXECUTING AGENCIES, AND THE GEF SECRETARIAT, IF APPROPRIATE (Also see E3) This proposed Project is complementary and will not overlap with the work supported by the Second National Communication in Peru, which is being funded as an enabling activity. The enabling activity project will allow Peru to obtain important information regarding climate change and its impacts in two main river basins and in four prioritized sectors (agriculture, energy, transportation and water), and includes an assessment of water availability. This will help to identify adaptation measures to be included in the Adaptation Strategy under the National Communication. The strategy will be the basis for the selection of specific pilot activities under the proposed Project. Close coordination and frequent reporting on both activities is envisaged as part of the formulation and implementation of the adaptation project. Specifically, the river basins prioritized in the Second National Communication are the Santa River Basin, (glacier feeded) and Alto mayo River Basin (tropical rain forest), a basin that feeds into the Amazonian River Basin. The integrated local assessments under the Second National Communication will be complementary to previous works done within the framework of the Peruvian Program on Climate Change – PROCLIM. This local initiative has worked in Piura (Andean and northern desertic coast) and in Mantaro River Basins (Andean Central Highlands, near to Lima, Peru´s capital city). Information developed under PROCLIM and the Second National Communication will provide the basis for the formulation of specific adaptation measures and options and further develop detailed implementation plans. The design and implementation of selected measures will be supported by this Regional Project, which will help also to share experiences and methodologies with other Andean countries such as Bolivia and Ecuador. The French Institute for Research and Development (IRD), along with research institutions in Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador, are conducting an Andean Glacier Monitoring Program: A Tool to Analyze Global Climate Change in South America. The glaciers of the tropical Andes from Bolivia to Ecuador account for about 10% of all Andean glaciers, but their high vulnerability to climate change makes them a fundamental tool to study variability and climate change. This emerging research should be utilized in Project analysis of climate and hydrological impacts. The Tropical Glaciology Group in Austria has been conducting reviews of glacier morphology and dynamic balances and would also cooperate in the project. In addition to its formal endorsement of this proposed regional Project, Bolivia’s ground-breaking climate change projects provide an enabling environment within which to synergistically develop this Regional Project further. Support for Bolivia's projects is being provided by different international agencies already working with the National Program of Climate Change. This national adaptation programme: encourages civil society engagement in climate adaptation; foments high-level dialogue in support of long-term public policies on climate change; and conducts case studies related to social adaptation and resilience of productive and subsistence regimes. These popular climate change programme models will serve as useful examples of how to proceed at the grassroots level. In the case of Peru, the PROCLIM Project follows an integrated approach (mitigation & adaptation) to climate change, and is responsible for implementing the National Strategy on Climate Change, and the National Program: Let’s Clean the Air. During an inter-agency meeting with 13 national institutions 12 supporting Peru’s the Programa de Cambio Climático y Calidad del Aire (PROCLIM, www.conam.gob.pe/proclim), of which 6 institutions are dedicated to the theme of local integrated assessments of vulnerability and adaptation in two Peruvian watersheds, and at least 25 additional agencies are involved. Collaboration with other SPA-funded projects in the region will be sought through a memorandum of understanding between executing agencies (IDEAM for the INAP project in Colombia and the CCCC for the SPACC project in the Caribbean. The agreement seeks to further the exchange of information, prevent duplication of activities and contribute to the value added of specific activities in terms of their global learning potential. Complementarity with the Ecuador Water management and development and integration of climate adaptation governance instruments in host government and practitioner protocols project. In particular efforts will be undertaken to ensure full coordination with a proposed national project in Ecuador for the SSCF, dealing with water impacts. The aforementioned national project in Ecuador has as primary objective to assess future climate risks and to work with stakeholders on national policies that increase the flexibility and resilience of managed water resources. Special attention will be given to innovative approaches to adaptation through revised water rights allocations, strengthened water authorities, and accessible adaptive water-saving technologies. The three major outcomes envisioned for this national project are: Improved public policy and governance structures for effective water management, increased water management adaptive practices via capacity development and flexible financing mechanisms and strengthened information and knowledge management on Climate risks. Both projects, the Ecuador national project and the Andean regional project have been designed in constant collaboration to ensure that there will be no overlap but rather substantial complementarity. Both projects are expected to be submitted for consideration to the same Council meeting. Further, as indicated above, the national proposal for Ecuador focuses on water management and climate adaptation governance instruments. Project inputs and outputs link the water sector and risk management (adaptive) policy & management framework priorities. This distinguishes but complements the Andean Regional Adaptation Proposal. The Ecuador project focuses strongly on water management adaptive governance instruments, and steer away from operational community pilots related to hydrology, thus providing a strong complementarity with the regional project activities in the country. The project aims at strong coordination with this activity, involving implementing agencies through an informal coordination committee to ensure that the overall adaptive capacity of the region is strengthened through complementary measures. The project executing agency will be expected to participate in the regular coordination discussions with the counterparts for INAP and SPACC. Project Colombia (INAP) Issue Addressed Impact on health sector (tropical disease vectors). Impact on high altitude moorlands (biodiversity, mitigation potential from hydro potential, ecosystem integrity, water supply) Impact on insular areas (biodiversity and water supply) 13 Status Coordination PDF-B approved Coordinated with Submitted to SPACC on coastal Council. areas and on downscaling of impacts. Dominica, St. Lucia and Impact on biodiversity and PDF-B approved St. Vincent & the land degradation in coastal Grenadines (SPACC) zones of island nations Central Andes 3) Implications of glacier PDF-B in draft melt on ecosystem integrity, water supply, agriculture and energy. Linkage with El Nino Coordinated with INAP on coastal areas and on downscaling of impacts. To be coordinated with INAP and SPACC and the Ecuador water management and governance instruments project IMPLEMENTATION/EXECUTION ARRANGEMENTS (Also see E1) A Regional Project Implementation Unit (RPIU) will undertake project implementation. This RPIU will be identified during project formulation. The PDF-B will be executed by the office the Peru on behalf of the participating countries. The RPIU would be comprised of the Programa Nacional de Cambio Climático (Bolivia), the Ministry of External Affairs (Ecuador), Consejo Nacional del Ambiente CONAM (Peru),). This operational body will ensure smooth coordination of programming inter-agency affairs. As stated before, the Participating Countries have shown interest in appointing a Regional Executing Agency that will be in charge of managing the available funds, in agreement with the guidelines set by a Central Coordinating Board, where each participating country has seat. Each member country will have an Implementing Agency for this Project, identified from existing institutions whose primary mandate is climate change and the environment. Each country will coordinate the use of the resources to support project preparation. Please refer to figure in the next page for institutional arrangements. Utilizing host-national and international technical consulting expertise will ensure timely and professional completion of preparatory activities (proposal design and submission in full consultation with Secretariat Executive Director), while avoiding the lengthy procedures that would be required if government officials directly designed the proposal, or implemented the PDF-B. This is particularly important to ensure that the PDF-B funded Project design timeline remains efficiently short. This will allow the Project to be submitted to the GEF, and other designated donor agencies in a timely manner. The following Institutional Arrangement for the PDF-B is being proposed, 14 GEF WB Implementing Agency Regional PDF-B Executing Agency CONAM Central Coordinating Board CC Focal Points from participating countries RPIU (CONAM) Project coordinators from Perú, Ecuador, Bolivia CONAM, Peru Implementing Agency Ministry of External Affairs, Ecuador Implementing Agency Programa Nacional Cambio Climático, Bolivia Implementing Agency PERU ECUADOR 15 BOLIVIA PART II - PROJECT DEVELOPMENT PREPARATION A - DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PDF ACTIVITIES (see D1 Financing Plan) PDF-B grant funds are requested for project preparation, including a detailed assessment of the investment and technical assistance needed under each component of the project. The PDF grant will finance the costs for national, regional, and international consultants, and provide logistic support for the following priorities and activities. All PDF-B funded components will be coordinated under the auspices of the Regional Implementation Unit and its leads, while counting on the assistance of the Technical Consulting Team. PDF-B Project Components Activity I: Institutional arrangements and assessment of management needs Assessment of the institutional arrangements and management framework required for implementation of the proposed project. This assessment would identify the roles of the project participants, evaluate the needs for achieving project success and recommend the management structure for project implementation. This activity will include consultations and negotiations with participating host-country climate change focal points and international adaptation stakeholders in order to determine, negotiate, and establish a Regional Adaptation Institution with adequate capacity to implement adaptation measures where vulnerability is greatest and the region’s interest highest. Activity II: Technical Studies The technical studies will provide technical guidance to obtain the information requirements needed in order to identify specific adaptation measures for immediate implementation. Gaps in existing information will be identified through literature review and documentation analysis. This will be done in coordination with international groups and NGO’s already working on the field, such as the Tropical Glaciology Institute Group in Austria, the Mountain research Institute in Switzerland, IRD in France, ClimAdapt in Canada, the University of Massachusetts, UNDP and UNEP. Special attention will be devoted to the analysis and design of GCC impacts on glaciers and snow melt. This activity will support hiring international experts to provide knowledge and information to the project preparation team, and participating institutions. Workshops and learning trips will be carried out in the following areas: (i) identification and assessment of existing studies on this field; (ii) modeling of GCC (or GCM) impacts on the warming at high altitudes and the impact on water flows both in the mountains and beyond; (iii) Coordination of efforts with other adaptation projects such as INAP and SPA; (iv) Studying of influence of increasing occurrence of ENSO events on snow and glacial melt; and, (v) identifying ongoing and planned government interventions in sectors highly vulnerable to climate change. Activity III: Stakeholder analysis and identification of sources of co-financing. The project team, in concert with host-national focal points, will identify partners and interested agencies and institutions for the co-financing of the specific adaptation activities. The analysis will also collect and evaluate information and technical resources available form partners, stakeholders, and other sources at international, national, and local levels and therefore provide the basis for possible resources of cofinancing. Activity IV: Consultations The project team will carry out various consultative meetings and Multilateral Andean Adaptation Workshop(s) with core adaptation stakeholders thereby incorporating stakeholders’ input in the project design and implementation process. Workshop discussions will focus on: Project components, core inputs & outputs, institutional and financial resource requirements, governance, sectoral and vulnerability 16 scoping, clarification of prime beneficiaries (indigenous inhabitants, vulnerable municipalities) and target sectors as per NC1s, and Project timelines. Multilateral host-government and stakeholder consultations will take place within the workshop framework, and off-line through National Communications desk-top research and remote stakeholder enquiries. Activities V: Preparation of Cost Estimates and Financing plan Prepare detailed cost estimates for project implementation involving preparation of detailed cost estimates and procurement specifications for all project activities, together with a financing and investment plan needed to implement the project. The plan will include an incremental cost analysis. Activities VI : Formulation of Project Proposal The technical team will write the final project brief and all supporting annexes and documents, obtaining needed approvals and request endorsements by respective governments. B - PDF BLOCK B OUTPUTS Summary: The main output is a project document that complies with all the requirements of the Bank and GEF. The following specific outputs are expected: Identification of necessary technical studies for the selection of Pilot adaptation activities of immediate implementation in priority areas of highest interest to the region and of greatest vulnerability. Preparation of cost estimates, management and financing plan for adaptation activities. Identification of (co-)financing sources for project activities. Preparation of operational manual. Establishment of a strong institution for project implementation that coordinates among participating countries and that has sustainable capacity to implement pilot adaptation measures. Establishment of mechanisms to incorporate stakeholders input, as well as identification of local capabilities to develop project activities. C - JUSTIFICATION PDF-B grant funds will be requested for Project preparation, including a detailed assessment of the investment and technical assistance needed under each component of the project. The PDF-B is required as it is unlikely that similar funding would be made available elsewhere. Also, PDF-B resources are key to efforts to identify and commit co-financing for the project. Thus, incremental funding will be secured to obtain the critical mass and capital formation necessary to have broad-based impact on the region. A Pan-Regional initiative offers much greater attraction to funding entities who normally invest bilateral development funds in the region. The PDF-B grant would finance the costs for national and international consultants for referenced activities. The effects of climate change on the Andean Region are increasingly being recognized as a decisive factor in achieving Millennium Development Goals. By considering adaptation in development approaches at the Regional, host national, and community level, human settlements will be safer, infrastructure and eco-systems better managed, and livelihoods more sustainable. D - TIMETABLE PDF-B: Fall 2005 over 8 months, following grant signature. Project: Start July 2006 over 4 Years. 17 E – BUDGET Name of Co-financier (source) GEF PDF-B Combined GOCs Co-financing Sources Classification Type IFI State Government CIDA/UNDP/EU Bilateral (ECHO)/COSUDE/Mountain Development Research Institute Cooperation Other TBD Sub-Total Co-financing Amount (US$) Grant In-Kind 590,000 200,000 Grant 110,000 Status Final Version Focal Point Endorsement Letters attached Potential Sources 900,000 PDF-B Financing Plan Components 1. Institutional arrangements and 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. assessment of management needs Technical Studies Stakeholder analysis and identification of sources of cofinancing. Consultations Preparation of Cost Estimates and Financing plan Formulation of Project Proposal TOTAL PDF B (US$K) Andean Region (US$K) Other Donors (US$K) 150 40 100 100 60 20 100 90 40 50 590 18 Total Cost (US$K) 190 60 220 120 40 140 130 40 10 100 200 110 900 Part III – Response to Reviews GEFSEC Comments Country Drivenness: The concept does not refer to each country's National Communication to the UNFCCC, which should guide and inform this project. Please refer to the National Communications, and demonstrate that this project is: 1. consistent with findings and priorities identified by the National Communications; 2. not duplicating the work already supported by the GEF in the context of the National Communications. Peru has recently submitted a request and obtained an additional contribution of $1.8 million from the GEF EA window for its Second National Communications, with significant emphasis on vulnerability and adaptation assessments ($1.190 Million). Please demonstrate that there is no overlap between the National Communication work of each country and the first component of this project (Identification, selection and formulation of adaptive measures). Team response: While the assessment of future climate scenario impacts on key ecosystems has been conducted under the UNDP National Communications for Peru, the project will focus to fill the gap on the assessments for three countries thus achieving the same analytical basis for all countries. Endorsement : Letters of endorsement were provided for all countries except for Venezuela. Please provide the missing endorsement letter. Team response: Venezuela will not be part of this proposal. Program Designation and Conformity This project includes both local benefits in the development sectors of agricultural and water, and global benefits in the climate change focal area (GHG emissions reduction by addressing the impact on climate change in the energy sector). The adaptation program of the GEF includes projects that have both global and local benefits. However, by Council decision, projects submitted under the SPA (and therefore supported by the GEF Trust Fund) must generate a majority of global benefits, while projects that generate a majority of local, development benefits will be supported by the new funds (LDCF, SCCF and AF). The majority of benefits generated by this project, as it is currently presented, are local and developmental. The claim for global benefits is relatively weak. It is therefore recommended to re-submit a revised version of this project under the SCCF, following its eligibility criteria. Team response: It is revised as a SCCF project with new focus on the implementation of the adaptation measures. Project Design The project design section includes a simplistic description of baseline and GEF alternatives, which does not justify the GEF contribution as incremental cost linked to the generation of global benefits. Please consider two alternative options: 1. Resubmit a revised version of this concept under the SPA. In this case a much stronger case for global benefits must be made. (Not recommended). 2. Should a revised concept 19 be resubmitted under the SCCF, global benefits and incremental cost reasoning will no longer be necessary. However, it will be necessary to include the additional cost reasoning in the project design section. The additional cost reasoning justifies the request for funding under the SCCF, demonstrating that the activities under consideration will address climate change impacts over and above a sustainable development baseline. (Recommended option). Team response: The proposal is revised for funding under the SCCF and the additional cost reasoning is added under Project Design. The Project is requesting $6.7 million from SCCF to finance one quarter of the $26.8m project cost, which is justified under a sliding scale range for project over $5 million defined by the SCCF Programming paper. Updated review (December 2005): 1. Formulation of assessments and identification of measures: As noted above in the “country drivenness” section, please continue to document that there is no duplication with the work supported by the second national communications in Peru. 2. Implementation of adaptation measures: no overlap with the SCCF/UNDP project “Adaptation to climate change through effective water governance in Ecuador” must be demonstrated at all stages. The IA may decide: (a) to collaborate with UNDP for the implementation of adaptation measures in the water sector in Ecuador and take Ecuador out from this project; or (b) maintain its regional approach including Ecuador. In this case, no activities in the water sector that overlap with the UNDP project will be supported by the SCCF under this project. Team response: 1. This proposed Project will continue to document the complementarity and no overlap with the work supported by the Second National Communication in Peru, which is being supported through. a full-size project, as an enabling activity. The enabling activity project will allow Peru to obtain important information regarding climate change and its impacts in two main river basins and in four prioritized sectors (agriculture, energy, transportation and water), and includes an assessment of water availability. This will help to identify adaptation measures to be included in the Adaptation Strategy under the National Communication. The strategy will be the basis for the selection of specific pilot activities under the proposed Project. Close coordination and frequent reporting on both activities is envisages as part of the formulation and implementation of the adaptation project. Specifically, the river basins prioritized in the Second National Communication are the Santa River Basin, (glacier feeded) and Alto mayo River Basin (tropical rain forest), a basin that feeds into the Amazonian River Basin. The integrated local assessments under the Second National Communication will be complementary to previous works done within the framework of the Peruvian Program on Climate Change – PROCLIM. This local initiative has worked in Piura (Andean and northern desertic coast) and in Mantaro River Basins (Andean Central Highlands, near to Lima, Peru´s capital city). Information developed under PROCLIM and the Second National Communication will provide the basis for the formulation of specific adaptation measures and options and further develop detailed implementation plans. The design and implementation of selected measures will be supported by this Regional Project, which will help also to share experiences and methodologies with other Andean countries such as Bolivia and Ecuador. 2. The relation between projects is described in page 12. Close coordination has already taken place to avoid overlaps between the two initiatives. Yet, this is an important point to be clarified during Project preparation. 20 Sustainability (including financial sustainability) The project concept does not provide enough information to substantiate sustainability. Team response: The project will add on to these government activities by incorporating long term climate change considerations in planning, designing and implementing the specific actions. Such a design guarantees mainstreaming climate change consideration in the selected areas and sectors toward integrate climate change adaptation in the sustainable development efforts in those selected areas. Updated review (December 2005): The revised concept provides some information about sustainability that is sufficient by pipeline entry but will have to be significantly strengthened by WP inclusion. Team response: This issue will be strengthened by WP as has been recommended. Replicability Updated review (December 2005): The revised concept provides limited information about the replication potential of the project. This is sufficient by pipeline entry but will have to be significantly strengthened by WP inclusion. Team response: This issue will be strengthened by Work Program as has been recommended. Financing Plan The financing plan, including each project component and its cost, includes a significant portion ($2 million) for vulnerability and adaptation assessments, which are already supported by GEF enabling activities in all countries involved in this project. In particular, Peru received $1.8 million contribution for its Second National Communications (of which $1.190 for vulnerability and adaptation assessments). This is apparent duplication and should not be included in any future resubmissions. Team response: The budget for component 1 has been revised to $700,000 to reflect the comments. See also our response above under Country Drivenness. Component 3, project management, does not justify the proposed (high) cost of $1.5 million. Team response: The budget has been adjusted to $700,000. The most relevant component to be taken under consideration is component 2 (Implementation of pilot adaptation measures). However, as mentioned above, the measures to be implemented will likely address adaptation in development sectors, and therefore the project is more likely to be eligible under the SCCF. Team response: 21 Agree. The proposal is revised for funding under the SCCF. Updated review (December 2005): The revised concept addresses some of the issues raised by the previous review. However, the revised concept needs to explain the rationale of its financing plan (see also the comments under the project design session). Team response: Please see Project Design Section. Comments have been addressed accordingly. A sliding scale was used as recommended. Consultation, Coordination, Collaboration between IAs, and IAs and EAs, if appropriate The concept does not mention coordination and collaboration with the SCCF project submitted under this pipeline by UNDP in Ecuador. Please provide this missing information and demonstrate that there is no duplication. Team Response: Complementarity with the Ecuador Water management and development and integration of climate adaptation governance instruments in host government and practitioner protocols project is added to the document. Budget line items related to the TOR Please address the following issues: 1. Eligibility under the SPA or SCCF; Team Response: We opted the SCCF funding and have added the eligibility under the SCCF. 2. Duplication with GEF-supported enabling activities; Team Response: Please see our responses above under Country Drivenness and Consultation, Coordination, Collaboration between IAs, and IAs and EAs. 3. Project components to be revised (see financing section); Team Response: Please see our response under Financing Plan. 4. One endorsement letter is missing; Team Response: Please see our response under Endorsement. 5. Missing information on date of UNFCCC ratification by Ecuador; Team Response: 22 Ecuador signed the Convention in 1992 and ratified on 23 February 1993. It is added under Country Eligibility. 6. Missing information about coordination and non duplication with the UNDP project submitted under the SCCF on water governance in Ecuador. Team Response: Please see our responses above under Country Drivenness and Consultation, Coordination, Collaboration between IAs, and IAs and EAs. As described, the project is not eligible under the SPA and is not recommended for pipeline entry. Two options may be considered: 1. Justify the eligibility under the SPA by demonstrating a majority of global benefits (not recommended); 2. Address the issues summarized above and re-submit the concept for SCCF pipeline entry (recommended option). Team Response: We agree on the option 2 and have revised the proposal accordingly. 23