Download E. The Immune Response

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAPER
Immune System Primer
Edited from:
http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/teachers/Summer04/MaryAnneLynn/ImmunePrimer.doc
Invitation to Learn
***Go to my website: www.myteacherpages.com/webpages/tkeilman , click on
Biology, 6th six weeks, and find the Immune Primer in the schedule. Open the
document and click on the links provided
A. Current Events
1. What virus made headlines in Boston in June 2004 when a worker at a Quizno’s restaurant
tested positive for the virus? Article
a.
b.
c.
d.
SARS
HIV
Hepatitis A
Tuberculosis
2. How might restaurant workers transmit the virus to customers?
3. Symptoms?
4. Would antibiotics work against this disease? EXPLAIN!
5. What steps can you take to prevent infection?
B. Invaders
Viruses are one type of foreign invader that can infect a human. Disease causing organisms are
called pathogens. Click here to find other examples of pathogens and list them below. Pathogens
6. Viruses
2.
3.
4.
7. What organ system defends your body against pathogens?
Immune System Primer
Non-Specific Immunity: These stop ANY pathogen. They don’t care what
it is. These barriers are NON-SPECIFIC!
C. First Line of Defense: Physical Barriers
Skin is one of your body’s best defenses against foreign invaders. It acts as a physical barrier that
blocks foreign substances from entering the body. Wash your hands!
From your previous knowledge answer the two questions:
8. What factor(s) might prevent the skin from keeping pathogens out of your body?
9. How might a pathogen enter your body without having to pass through your skin?
(Hint: Think of organ systems that are most commonly infected.)
Skin works with many other substances to block the entry of pathogens. Explain the role of the
following substances in preventing infection.
10. Sweat
11. Mucus (a.k.a. Snot!)
12. Saliva
D. Second Line of Defense: Inflammatory Response
Some pathogens are clever enough to get past your body’s first line of defense. Two of the cells
sent to the site of infection to destroy foreign invaders are phagocytes and natural killer cells.
Non-specific Immunity
Click on the cell name (or type in the address) to watch a movie that demonstrates how the cell
type works. Briefly describe how each cell works in the space provided.
Phagocyte
13. big cell = phagocyte
14. small = pathogen
Inflammatory Response shows how a body would react to a stab wound.
15. What are the purple things that entered the body with the splinter (shown at the top) to
generate an inflammatory response?________________________
16. What chemical is released from damaged cells?_________________________
17. Blood cells diffuse into capillaries and cause the blood vessels to dilate. What does dilate
mean?
18. Click here. Four (4) symptoms of inflammation are:
1. Swelling
2.
3.
4.
19. How might an increase in body temperature assist in fighting off infection? Think about
enzymes!
Immune System Primer
Specific Immunity: The immune response comes into play when
pathogens make it past the first and second defenses. The Immune
Response Makes Cells SPECIFIC for a Particular Pathogen’s Antigen!
E. The Immune Response
Your body wages a war against pathogens that get past the first two lines of defense. It calls in its
highly specialized warriors, the lymphocytes.
Lymphocyte Development
Use the diagram found here to answer the following
questions.
20. All lymphocytes arise from stem cells in bone
marrow or _______________ _______________.
21. Lymphocyte stem cells that travel and develop
in the _________________ become “T” cells.
22. Lymphocyte stem cells that remain in bone
marrow develop into _____ cells.
Making Connections to prior knowledge:
23. Why are these starting cells considered stem
cells?
Specific Immunity
Organs of the Immune System
Mature lymphocytes move to other lymphoid tissue and are
stored throughout the body in the tonsils, lymph nodes, and
spleen.
24. Identify three (3) areas of the body where lymph nodes
are found.
a.
b.
c.
25. Natural killer cells also help during the immune response. What do they do? Click below to find
out
Natural Killer Cell
big cell = pathogen
small cell = natural killer
Immune response
26. What is an antigen? Find ( or Google) an explanation that MAKES SENSE to you!
Click on to see how the immune response works.
Immune Response
27. What is often the first type of cell to face a foreign intruder?
28. What does it do to any foreign microorganism?
29. What is the next cell in line that “coordinates the cellular response?”
30. In the picture, what are the two cells on the right and left of this helper cell that it calls up with
chemical messages?
Specific Immunity
31. What two types of B cells does the first B cell differentiate into?
32. What do plasma B cells secrete?
33. What do these secreted things do?
34. Draw one of these secreted things here:
35. Antibodies are made up of proteins. Why would these B cells that secrete them need lots of
ribosomes?
Click on (or type in address) to see how the human body elicits an Immune Response Use the
animation to answer the following questions.
36. What are lymphocytes?
37. In the thymus T cells mature into three specialized types of cells. What are they?
1.
2.
3.
38. What is special about T cells and HIV?
39. What do B and T cells search for as they circulate through our blood?
Primary and Secondary Immune Response
F: Interpreting the Graph:
B cells are activated to release antibodies because of the antigens on the disease-causing organisms.
Use the graph and information below to answer the following questions.
Primary response Secondary response
***Primary immune response: BODY’S FIRST EXPOSURE TO ANTIGEN
***Secondary immune response: BODY’S SECOND EXPOSURE TO ANTIGEN
40. How many days does it take for B cells to start producing antibodies against an
antigen during a PRIMARY immune response?_____________
41. How many days does it take for B cells to start producing antibodies against an
that same antigen during a SECONDARY immune response?_____________
42. Compare antibody concentrations during primary and secondary immune responses.
How are they different?
43. You encounter the same disease-causing pathogens, such as chicken pox, many times
in your life but never know it. Why?
***Play Fighting Back.
Name:___________________Hour:______
Immune System Primer Answer Sheet
***Go to my website: www.myteacherpages.com/webpages/tkeilman , click on Biology, 6th six
weeks, and find the Immune Primer in the schedule. Open the document and click on the links
provided
A. Current Events
1.___
2. ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4.____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5.____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
B. Invaders
6.__Viruses, ___________________________________________________________
7.____________________________________________________________________
C. First Line of Defense
8.____________________________________________________________________
9.____________________________________________________________________
10.___________________________________________________________________
11.___________________________________________________________________
12.___________________________________________________________________
D. Second Line of Defense
13. Phagocyte:_________________________________________________________
14. Pathogen:__________________________________________________________
15. _____________________
16. _____________________
17. __________________________________________________________________
18. ___Swelling______
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
19.___________________________________________________________________
E. The Immune Response
20. __________ ___________
21.__________________
22.__________________
23.___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
24.
a. ______________________
b. ______________________
c.______________________
25.___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
26.___________________________________________________________________
27.___________________________________________________________________
28.___________________________________________________________________
29.___________________________________________________________________
30.___________________________________________________________________
31.__________________ ___________________
32.__________________
33.___________________________________________________________________
34. Drawing:
35.___________________________________________________________________
36.___________________________________________________________________
37.
1._______________________
2._______________________
3._______________________
38.___________________________________________________________________
39.___________________________________________________________________
F: Interpreting the Graph
Primary response Secondary response
***Primary immune response: BODY’S FIRST EXPOSURE TO ANTIGEN
***Secondary immune response: BODY’S SECOND EXPOSURE TO ANTIGEN
40. _______
41. _______
42. __________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
43.___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________