Download How Proteins are Made: Chapter 10 Reading Guide

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How Proteins are Made: Chapter 10 Reading Guide
Section 1: From Genes to Proteins
Translation (pp. 212-214)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Where does translation take place?
________________ and _______________ help in the synthesis of proteins.
What does tRNA stand for?
Define tRNA.
5.
Define anticodon.
6.
`
For the following codons, write the appropriate anticodon:
AUC: ____________ CAG: _____________ GCG :______________
7.
What TWO elements are ribosomes composed of?
a.
b.
8. What does rRNA stand for?
9.
Define rRNA.
10. Each ribosome temporarily holds one/two mRNA molecules and
one/two tRNA molecules.
11.
Which mRNA codon signals the beginning of a protein chain?
12.
Where is the mRNA “start” codon oriented?
13.
T/F: In translation, the tRNA molecule carrying the amino acid TRYPTOPHAN
binds together the ribosomal subunits and mRNA.
14.
In step 2 of translation, the codon in the area of the ribosome called the _____ site
is ready to receive the next tRNA.
15.
T/F: In step 3 of translation, BOTH the A site and the P site are holding tRNA
molecules.
16.
During which step in translation is a peptide bind first formed?
17.
During step 4 of translation, the tRNA in the A/P site detaches, leaving behind its
________ _________.
18.
In step 5 of translation, why do the mRNA and tRNA molecule move as a unit?
19.
Summarize step 6 of translation.
20.
In step 7 of translation, steps _______ through _________ are repeated until a
_________ codon is reached.
21.
What are the THREE possible stop codons in mRNA?
a.
b.
c.
22.
Why do stop codons cause translation to end?
23.
What happens to newly made proteins after translation is completed?
24.
T/F: Many copies of the same protein can be made from a single mRNA
molecule.
T/F: The genetic code is the same in ALL organisms.
If the genetic code is nearly universal, what does this imply from an evolutionary
standpoint?
25.
26.
27. Which TWO organelles contain their own DNA?
a.
b.
28. What are TWO exceptions in the universality of the genetic code? (For
**extra credit,*** list all three)