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CH. 11 STUDY GUIDE
GENETICS
1. What is the difference between polygenic inheritance and Mendelian inheritance?
MENDELIAN LOOKED AT SIMPLE DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE TRAITS (2
TRAITS) POLYGENIC INHERITANCE LOOKS AT TRAITS CONTROLLED BY
MULTIPLE ALLELES.
2. Traits controlled by the X or Y gene are called? SEX LINKED TRAITS
3. What is incomplete dominance? BOTH TRAITS ARE EQUAL IN DOMINANCE
AND PRODUCE PHENOTYPES INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN THE TWO.
4. What is expressed when alleles are codominant? PHENOTYPES OF BOTH
DOMINANT TRAITS.
5. What antigens are found on a type O blood cell? NONE
6. What is Sickle Cell Anemia and how is it inherited? A CODOMINANT DISORDER
WHERE BOTH SICKLED SHAPE CELLS AND NORMAL BLOOD CELLS ARE
PRESENT. SICKLED CELLS LACK HEMEGLOBIN THAT HELP CARRY
OXYGEN.
7. What two conditions are sex linked and can be caused by recessive alleles? REDGREEN COLOR BLINDNESS AND HEMOPHILIA
8. What are the chances of a person with blood type A who mates with a person of blood
type B having a type O offspring? A PUNNETT SQUARE BETWEEN TYPE A (Ia)
AND TYPE B (Ib) GIVES YOU 25% AB, 25% Ia, 25% Ib, 25% O.
9. Explain how 2 healthy parents can produce an offspring with cystic fibrosis. THEY
CAN BOTH BE CARRIERS OR RECESSIVE FOR THE DISORDER. SO THEY ARE
NOT SHOWING THE DISEASE.
10. Most genetic disorders are cause by the expression of what type of gene? 2
RECESSIVE GENES
11. What are two phenotypes that are expressed by incomplete dominance? SKIN
COLOR, HAIR COLOR, EYE COLOR
12. All blood types are a result of what type of inheritance? MULTIPLE ALLELES
13. A cross between a white horse and a black horse produces all gray offsprings. If two
of the gray off springs mate, what is the ratio of white, black, or gray horses? 1:1:2 OR
25% WHITE, 25% BLACK, 50% GRAY
14. Two traits that can be seen (phenotype) are only produced by which type of alleles?
CODOMINANT (EX: BLACK & WHITE = BLACK & WHITE STRIPES
15. What does each of the symbols of a pedigree mean? REFER TO PG. 299 IN THE
TEXTBOOK
16. List internal and external influences on gene expression.
INTERNAL: HORMONES, STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES, AGE
EXTERNAL: TEMPERATURE, NUTRITION, LIGHT, GENE EXPRESSION
17. Be able to identify all parts of a pedigree.
REFER TO PG. 299 IN TEXTBOOK
18. What is Karyotyping? What is it used for? PAIRS OF HOMOLOGOUS
CHROMOSOMES ARE ARRANGED IN DECREASING SIZE TO PRODUCE A
MICROGRAPH. SEE PHOTO ON PG. 311 IN TEXTBOOK
19. Review all aspects of a Punnett Square. KNOW HOW TO COMPLETE
MONOHYBRID PUNNETT SQUARE (4 BOXES) LIKE USED FOR #13 ABOVE.
20. What are the general ratios for a Dihybrid Cross? 9:3:3:1 OR 1:16 FOR ALL
RECESSIVE TRAITS TO BE OBTAINED.