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Name: _________________________ Date: ____________ Period: ___________ Assignment #: ________ Mutations What are mutations? Any change in a _____________________________________________. Mutations occur at ________________________. The Genetic Code Chromosomes are made of ____________. Each chromosome contains thousands of ___________________. The sequence of ______________ in a gene forms a code that tells the cell what _______________ to produce. Types of Mutations Changes in a ______________________________ Changes in ________________________________ o Too many or too few o Extra segments of DNA added The Genetic Code & Mutations Mutations can cause a cell to produce an ______________________________protein. This causes the organism’s trait, or _____________________________, to be different from what it normally would have been. Mutations that occur in a _______________________ can be passed on to an ___________________________and affect the offspring’s phenotype. Effects of Mutations Mutations are ____________________if they reduce the organism’s chances for survival and reproduction. Mutations can be ___________________ when they give rise to new adaptations through natural selection. Mutations can also be ____________________ (neither harmful nor helpful). Ex: the six-toed cat Determining whether a mutation is harmful or helpful depends on an organism’s _____________________. Examples of “Harmful” Mutations Mutation that led to the production of a ____________________________ kangaroo in the wild. Mutations that have led to ____________________________________ in humans. Examples of “Helpful” Mutations Mutations that make bacteria _________________________ to certain antibiotics. Bacteria that have the mutation are not killed by the antibiotic. These bacteria survive to grow and __________________________. Mutations that improve an organism’s _______________________________. Can blend into their environment, less visible to ___________________________________. Genes, Mutations & Natural Selection In ____________________________________________, individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species. Having the right or favorable genetic traits, especially during _________________________________________, allows for the survival of a species. These traits are then passed on to their ___________________________. In other words, overtime, favorable _______________________________ lead to the evolution of new ____________________________________________________.