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SBI3U – Evolution Name: Date: 7.1 – Biological Change over Time The sources of genetic variation are mutations which are changes in genetic information. Read pg. 282-283 and fill in the Chat below: Mutations: The Source of Genetic Variation Mutations Description don't result in any selective advantage or disadvantage; Neutral produce no visible change in an individual Harmful Beneficial Example(s) Human’s eye colour reduce the reproductive success of an individual and is therefore selected against; Disease-causing viruses such as flu viruses make an organism less able to resist disease or avoid predators, or less efficient at obtaining food; tend to disappear with time Bacteria that have developed resistance to antibiotics Resistance of insect to various pesticides increase the reproductive success of an organism; Mutations that lead to genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis or Huntington’s disease Sickle-cell allele gives its carriers a high degree of resistance to malaria favoured by natural selection and accumulate over time Colourful flowers in some plants allow them to attract more pollinators Limitations of Artificial Selection: Influence of Mutations (pg. 286) - Beneficial or neutral mutations have a good chance of being passed on to future generations because they are either favoured or go unnoticed. - Harmful or undesirable mutations have little influence on the potential success of artificial selection efforts since breeders do not choose such individuals for breeding. - An undesirable mutation may accompany a beneficial one. E.g. developing strawberry plants that are tolerant to cold weather leads to producing odd-coloured berries.