Download Unit 5: Nervous System

Unit 6: Nervous System
Objectives:
1. Describe the 3 parts to the neuron
2. List the main divisions of the nervous system
3. List the functions of the nervous system
4. Identify and label parts of the brain and major nerves
5. List some common brain disorders
NOTES
Table 6.1- Organization of the nervous system
DIVISION
ABR.
Central
Nervous
System
Peripheral
Nervous
System
Autonomic
Nervous
System
CNS
NAMED
FOR
CONSISTS OF
FUNCTION
PNS
ANS
The main functions of the nervous system include (and are not limited to):
1.
2.
3.
4.
Neuron-
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Neuroglia1.
2.
3.
4.
To surround neurons and _________ them in place
To supply nutrients and ____________ to neurons
To _____________ one neuron from another
To destroy ____________ and remove dead neurons.
How do neurons communicate?
•
•
Neurons “connect” at a space called a ____________
They create _____________ that send a signal (from ions) that causes a release of
___________________________(chemical signals) that either excite or inhibit
the next neuron
Label: Receptor, Axon, Dendrite, Neurotransmitter, and Synapse
*What 2 ions make it possible to send an action potential? ___________ and __________
*Why is it called an “all or nothing” response?
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Neurotransmitters
•
•
•
•
Acetylcholine- excitatory (___________, ____________, ____________)
Dopamine- inhibitory (attention, learning, movement, _______________)
Serotonin –inhibitory (______________, dreaming, eating, sleep, mood, pain)
Noradrenalin/Norepinephrine- excitatory (___________, ____________,
________________)
BrainLobesCranial NervesGyrusSulcusCortexAfferent NervesEfferent Nerves-
Table 6.2- Major Structures of the Brain
Structure
Location
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Cerebral Hemispheres
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Pineal Gland
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Function/Description
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Cerebellum
Table 6.3-Cranial Nerves
Nerve
Function
I
III
V
VII
IX
XI
Nerve
II
IV
VI
VIII
X
XII
Diagrams for the Nervous System
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Function
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Lab #5: See, Smell, and Taste Lab
Pre-Lab Activity
Please list the part of the brain responsible for the following senses:
SightSmellTasteHearingTouch-
Lab Activity
Go through a variety of sense stations to learn more about you and others around
you. This is meant to be more of a relaxing fun lab, so enjoy! Each person needs only
one partner. Be sure to vary who does what at each station.
Station1: The Stroop Effect—Colors
The famous "Stroop Effect" is named after J. Ridley Stroop who discovered this strange
phenomenon in the 1930s. Here is your job: name the colors of the following words. Do
NOT read the words...rather, say the color of the words. For example, if the word
"BLUE" is printed in a red color, you should say "RED". Say the colors as fast as you
can. It is not as easy as you might think!
Test
Time
1
2
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Difficult or Easy?
1. Did you have trouble on the first test? Why or why not?
2. On the second test, what happened to response time?
3. What does this experiment tell you about our brains in terms of what we are
trained to do and how we are trained to think?
Station #2: Remember a Smell
Recapture a “smell” memory. The following bags have 5 distinct smells inside of them
(nothing gross or illegal). Smell each one until a memory comes to mind. Please
describe the memory and smell below. If they all trigger a response, pick just one that is
the clearest.
Bag # ___________
Smell:
Memory/Emotion:
Bag # ___________
Smell:
Memory/Emotion:
Bag # ___________
Smell:
Memory/Emotion:
Bag # ___________
Smell:
Memory/Emotion:
Bag # ___________
Smell:
Memory/Emotion:
4. Why do you think smells trigger memory? (HINT: think anatomy of the
brain)
5. What items in stores rely heavily on their smell?
6. How is marketing affected by fragrance? (Read the article before the lab)
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Station #3: What flavor am I??
Do you think you can accurately guess the flavor of a fruit candy without looking at it or
smelling it? In this test your partner will pick a candy flavor and put it in your hand.
Making sure your eyes are closed and your nose is plugged, chew the candy up! (NO
CHEATING!!!)
7. What was the actual flavor?
8. What did you guess?
9. How would you describe the taste?
10. What role does smell play in taste?
OPTICAL TESTING
Blind Spot Determination
Because no photoreceptors are found in the area where the optic nerve is attached to the
retina, this area is called the blind spot. To locate your blind spot, look at the symbols
below. Center and hold this page about 50cm in front of your eyes so that the + is on
your left. Close your right eye and focus your left eye on the ∙. Slowly move the page
toward your eyes while looking at the ∙.
+
1. Does the cross disappear? (This is known as the blind spot.)
2. Using a ruler, have your partner measure the distance between your eyes and the
page. At what distance from your eyes do you reach your blind spot?
3. Continue to move the page toward you. What happens to the cross?
4. Repeat the process using your right eye and focusing on the cross. Does the
circle disappear?
5. At what distance from your eyes do your reach your blind spot in your right eye?
6. What happens to the circle as your continue to move the page towards you?
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**Optical Illusion Challenge**--What do you see? (Answer below the box!)
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Profile or Looking Ahead?
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