Download Classification Lab Worksheet

AP BIO Classification Lab
Read carefully. Use pencil. It is important that you look carefully at the microscope slides and do not short-change
your learning experience (cheat) by using pictures in the book. You will have a lab practical test on this lab work.
The lab practical will use the slides and you will have to observe and identify. You will be expected to be able to
identify specimens AND note specific features and characteristics.
Slides may be stained and therefore not natural color. Make note of that.
You will also need to refer to your textbook and CliffsNotes, as well as the Lab Manual as in the
cabinet in the classroom. You may use your phones to access images and information and short videos
that are helpful too.
Part A: Bacteria
See pages 229- 232 in V & P Lab Manual.
Draw and label a typical bacterium that includes these parts: chromosome, flagella, pili, cell wall, cell
membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleoid, plasmid.
How does the cell wall differ from cell walls in other organisms?
What are the three basic shapes of bacteria? Draw and label each.
How do bacteria reproduce asexually? Draw illustration.
How do bacteria manage to have genetic recombination? What structure facilitates the exchange?
What is an endospore and why do bacteria form them?
What is the difference between a Gram-positive and a Gram- negative bacterium?
What’s the difference between a chromosome and a plasmid?
What are sensitivity plates? What are they used for?
Cyanobacteria (not a phylum name)
Draw Nostoc and label a vegetative cell and the heterocyst.
What’s the function of each?
__________X
Draw Merismopedia and label an individual cell and a colony.
How is a colonial organism different
from a multicellular organism?
__________X
How are bacteria different from archaea?
How are archaea more similar to eukaryotes than to bacteria even though they are prokaryotes?
How do antibiotics kill bacteria? Why do they not affect viruses?
How could bacteria become resistant to an antibiotic?
Part B: Protists
See pages 243-254 in V & P Lab Manual. You will also need to refer to your textbook.
Protists can be divided into 3 groups: ___________________(plant-like), _________________
(animal-like) and fungus-like (form filamentous or spore-bearing bodies)
What are the major characteristics of algae?
How are algae divided into groups?
Observe the slide of Chlamydomonas- a unicellular green algae
Draw and label the features seen:
___ __________X
Observe Spirogyra- a filamentous green algae.
Draw and label individual cell,
Spiral chloroplast, filament and conjugation tube.
_________X
How does Spirogyra reproduce sexually?
Observe Volvox- a colonial green algae.
Draw Volvox.
Label a parent colony and daughter colony.
__________X
Observe Fucus-a multicellular brown algae.
Draw and label a conceptacle,
antheridium, sperm, and an oogonium
_______X
What do red algae have in common with brown algae?
Phylum Bacillariophyta (common name- __________________)
What is unique about the cell wall of these algae?
Observe diatoms. Draw three different types.
_________X
Phylum Dinoflagellate (Dinoflagellates)
Observe dinoflagellates. Draw 3 different types.
_______X
Diatoms have a hard outer surface made of ___________________ and dinoflagellates have a hard
outer surface made of ________________________. Dinoflagellates have _____ flagella.
Phylum Zoomastigophora - protozoa
What is the unique or common characteristic for this phylum?
What diseases are caused by Trypanosoma?
Observe Trypanosoma. You must look between the red blood cells to find this tiny, squiggly organism.
Draw this organism among a few red blood cells (aka erythrocytes). Label RBC and Trypanosoma.
__________X
Phylum Ciliophora (Ciliates)- protozoa
What are the characteristics that define this phylum?
What is the function of each of their nuclei?
Observe and draw a paramecium.
_________X
How does paramecium reproduce asexually?
Explain how conjugation is a type of sexual reproduction. (see textbook)
There are other ciliates that are attached to substrate. What is the function of their cilia?
_________________________________________________________________
Phylum Apicomplexa (Sporazoans) - protozoa
Sporozoans are all:
1.
2.
What disease is caused by Plasmodium?
Observe Plasmodium slide.
Draw a few normal and infected red blood cells.
________X
Explain the life cycle of Plasmodium. Be sure to include the 2 organisms it is dependent on. Do not
use terms you do not understand ( merosoites,etc..).
Part C: Kingdom Fungi
Read pages 267-277 in V & P Lab Manual.
What is the basic structure of a fungus?
A mass of hypha forms a _____________________.
What is extracellular digestion? How does fungi do that?
What is unique about fungal cell walls?
Describe the asexual reproduction of fungi.
Phylum Zygomycota (bread molds)
Examine common bread mold. Notice the hyphae.
Are there septa?
Observe Rhizopus slides. There are a couple different types, showing different structures.
Label these structures on the diagram below: sporangia, sporangiophore, rhizoids, stolons (modified
hyphae), zygospore, spores
Which structure is produced by the zygote(s)?
Which structures are the product of asexual reproduction?
sexual
structure
asexual structure
________X
_______x
_____x
Sexually reproduction in Zygomycota involves 2 hyphae of different strains (+,-) meeting, nuclei fusing
to form ___________ and then they zygotes form a thick-walled ______________. Each zygote
undergoes meiosis, these cells germinates and grows into _______________________, which will
ultimately release spores once a ___________________ is
formed.__________________________________
Phylum Ascomycota (Sac Fungi)
What are the asexual spores called?
What are the structures that produce the asexual spores called?
Observe Sordaria.
Draw and label the ascospores. These are
products of sexual reproduction. The ascospores
are still in their thin walled sac (ascus) although
it is not easily seen, it’s presence is apparent
because of the linear lines of spores.
_______X
Sexual Reproduction in Ascomycota:
Two mating strains meet and and form dikaryotic cells. The “cup”(characteristic shape of mycelium in
many species) is formed from _________________________________. The nuclei eventually ______,
form an ________ . This undergoes meiosis and create 4 haploid _________________. Mitosis
increases the number of spores to ___ and each of these, called ascospores, can produce a new
_________________.
Phylum Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)
Observe Coprinus. When you look at this slide, you are looking at the underside of the cap. Label gill,
basidia, and basidiospores
40 X
400X
Sexual reproduction in Basidiomycota
Hyphae (N) from different strains meet and form dikaryotic ______________ (N+N). These grow into
the easily recognizable fruiting body called _________________. Under the cap of the mushroom, in
particular cells called ______________, the 2 nuclei fuse (2N) and then undergo meiosis to produce
spores (N) called ________________. These falls from the mushroom cap onto the soil and grow into
____________.
Yeast….
What about yeast?
What is unique about yeast? How is it different from other fungi?
Lichens
Lichens are formed from an ascomycete (fungus) and ____________________ or ______________.
They have a ______________ relationship. Which type? ______________________
There are three basic growth forms.
Observe the specimens.
Distinguish between them using adjectives.
1. _______________________2. _______________________-
3._______________________ -