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Fungi • I. What are fungi? – A. – B. – C. – D. – E. • • • • Eukaryotes Heterotrophs Use spores to reproduce Need moist, warm environment Examples: 1. 2. 3. 4. mushrooms molds yeast Penicillium • II. Structure – A. Hyphae • 1. branching, threadlike tubes • 2. can be loose and tangled or tightly packed – B. Mushroom parts • • • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. cap - protects the spores gills - holds the spores spores - reproductive cells stalk - holds up the cap underground hyphae - takes in food • III. Getting food – A. Grow hyphae into a food source – B. Secrete digestive chemicals from the hyphae – C. Absorb the broken down food – D. All fungi feed off other organisms, some alive, some dead. • IV. Reproduction – A. Fungi produce spores, which are carried easily by wind or water. – B. The spores are made in a fruiting body. – C. Asexual reproduction • 1. A fungus produces spores, all identical to parent. • 2. Yeast can do budding, where a small cell grows off the parent cell and breaks off. – D. Sexual reproduction • 1. Two fungi grow their hyphae together, then produce spores that are a mix of genes from each parent. • V. Fungi and the Living World – A. Decomposers – B. Food • 1. yeast helps make bread – a. feeds on sugar in the dough – b. produces CO2 gas, which causes the bread to rise. • 2. blue cheese contains mold • 3. some mushrooms are edible – C. Cause disease • 1. destroy food crops • 2. Athlete’s foot attacks our feet • 3. Ringworm causes an itchy, circular rash – D. Fight disease • 1. Penicillium is a mold that kills bacteria – E. Plant helpers • 1. Some fungi grow their hyphae around plant roots • 2. This helps the plant grow larger because of the extra water and nutrients the hyphae absorb for the plant. – F. Lichens • 1. A fungus and an algae or autotrophic bacteria living in a mutualistic relationship. – a. both species benefit • 2. Fungus gets the food produced by the algae or bacteria. • 3. Algae gets water and minerals from the fungus.