Download The two kingdoms used to classify

FUNGI READING NOTES – CHAPTER 11.2
Directions: Read pages 255-261 and complete the following reading notes. Draw pictures to help you
remember each vocabulary word. (YOU WILL LOSE POINTS IF YOU DO NOT DRAW PICTURES!)
General Characteristics:
Way of getting food:
eukaryotic consumers; come in a variety of shapes,
sizes and colors; all have similar ways of
reproducing & getting food, some decomposers but
others are parasites
live on or near food supply. Most secrete
digestive juices (enzymes) onto food source & then
absorb dissolved substances (nutrients)
An example of symbiosis is fungi that grow on
the roots of plants; release acid that changes
Mineral in soil into forms the plant can use &
protect plant from disease causing organisms
Hyphae is:
(define & draw)
Mycelium is:
(define & draw)
chains of cells that make up multicellular fungi (similar to plant roots);
have holes in cell walls that allow
cytoplasm to move freely between cells
twisted mass of fungal hyphae that
that have grown together; often
underground
REPRODUCTION
Asexual
Two types: (describe)
1.) The hyphae break apart & each new piece
becomes a new individual.
2.) Spores (small reproductive cells coated by a
thick protective membrane) are released - carried
wind; forms new fungus where spore lands.
Sexual: (describe)
Special structures form to make sex cells; sex
cells join to produce sexual spores that grow into
new fungus
KINDS OF FUNGI:
Classified by:
shape & way it reproduces
Four main groups:
(describe & give examples)
1.) Thread-like
shapeless, fuzzy fungi, most live in soil &
usually decomposers – some parasites (ex. molds)
Reproduction: asexual or sexual
Spores help: the organisms reproduce (Sporangia
protect spores in unfavorable conditions)
2.) Sac Fungi
largest group, most multi-cellular but some singlecelled (ex. yeast); Ex: yeasts, powdery mildew,
truffles & morels
Reproduction: asexually or sexually (form a sac
called an ascus that contains spores) ;most use
both during the lifetime
Budding: is asexual reproduction in which a new cell
pinches off of an existing cell (Ex. Yeast)
Uses to humans: Yeast in bread, sources of
antiobiotics, vitamins, edible (truffles & morels)
Can cause parasitic diseases in plants (chestnut
blight & Dutch elm disease)
3.) Club Fungi Umbrella shaped, commonly known
Reproduction: asexual (rare) and sexually
basidia are: special hyphae where reproductive
spores form during sexual reproduction
Examples: mushrooms, bracket fungi,
puffballs, smuts & rusts
4.) Imperfect Fungi Fungi not found in other groups,
Reproduction: asexually, most are parasites (can
cause disease)
Examples: athletes foot, penicillum (antibiotics),
and aflotoxin (causes some cancers)
Uses: medicine, cheese, soy sauce & citric acid
LICHENS
Description:
combination of fungus and algae that grow
intertwined. Has a symbiotic relationship.
Produce food through:
photosynthesis
Where they live/needs:
almost everywhere, only need air, light, and
minerals
They indicate air quality
easily affected by air pollution – die in poor
conditions
because: