Soil type determines how root and rhizosphere traits relate
... (Wissuwa et al. 2009). Therefore, there is a need to develop future crops with superior root traits for a better acquisition of P from soils (Lynch 2007). The acknowledged root traits enabling soil P acquisition can be classified into two main strategies: ‘foraging’ and ‘mining’. Foraging strategy i ...
... (Wissuwa et al. 2009). Therefore, there is a need to develop future crops with superior root traits for a better acquisition of P from soils (Lynch 2007). The acknowledged root traits enabling soil P acquisition can be classified into two main strategies: ‘foraging’ and ‘mining’. Foraging strategy i ...
ABSTRACT - Otadoh Jane Akinyi
... ABSTRACT Recent studies show Trichoderma species are not only parasites of fungal plant pathogens but also can enhance plant growth and development. Heavy applications of agrochemicals in soils in Embu county due to dependence on inorganic fertilizers and pesticides have potential to cause negative ...
... ABSTRACT Recent studies show Trichoderma species are not only parasites of fungal plant pathogens but also can enhance plant growth and development. Heavy applications of agrochemicals in soils in Embu county due to dependence on inorganic fertilizers and pesticides have potential to cause negative ...
Fungi in Ecosystem Processes John Dighton
... available to the saprotrophic community upon the death of the organism. The saprotrophic community, consisting largely of fungi and bacteria, utilizes the energy and nutrients contained in the dead material, but through “leakiness” of its activities, allows a proportion of the nutrients to become av ...
... available to the saprotrophic community upon the death of the organism. The saprotrophic community, consisting largely of fungi and bacteria, utilizes the energy and nutrients contained in the dead material, but through “leakiness” of its activities, allows a proportion of the nutrients to become av ...
BACTERIAL ENDOSYMBIONTS OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI
... contamination (Hoffman and Arnold, 2010), I sequenced the 16S ribosomal DNA region of representative strains and recovered members of the beta- and gamma-proteobacterial orders Burkholderiales, Xanthomonadales, and Enterobacteriales, including putative Ralstonia pickettii, Variovorax paradoxus, Lute ...
... contamination (Hoffman and Arnold, 2010), I sequenced the 16S ribosomal DNA region of representative strains and recovered members of the beta- and gamma-proteobacterial orders Burkholderiales, Xanthomonadales, and Enterobacteriales, including putative Ralstonia pickettii, Variovorax paradoxus, Lute ...
Symbiotic Fungi: Principles and Practice (Soil Biology)
... genomics, new tools to discover symbiont communication, development and diversity and to reveal the contribution of each partner to the functioning of the association have been deciphered, thus offering breakthrough findings. Looking at the history of mycorrhizas, it can be seen that some very impor ...
... genomics, new tools to discover symbiont communication, development and diversity and to reveal the contribution of each partner to the functioning of the association have been deciphered, thus offering breakthrough findings. Looking at the history of mycorrhizas, it can be seen that some very impor ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60
... plants is a nonspecific active process which is not directly dependent on nutrient deficiency but is a consequence of a nonspecific bacterial chemotaxis, influenced by the balance between attractants and possibly repellents leaked by the root. ...
... plants is a nonspecific active process which is not directly dependent on nutrient deficiency but is a consequence of a nonspecific bacterial chemotaxis, influenced by the balance between attractants and possibly repellents leaked by the root. ...
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND NUTRIENTS 29
... Thousands of gardeners have had very good success using these products. At the same time they are others that have tried them with little effect. There are many variables that come into play and we need a lot more research to understand how to use these products in a more efficient manner. They both ...
... Thousands of gardeners have had very good success using these products. At the same time they are others that have tried them with little effect. There are many variables that come into play and we need a lot more research to understand how to use these products in a more efficient manner. They both ...
ICOM 8 Paper and Poster Abstracts
... chronically contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons have demonstrated the presence of these fungi in the rhizosphere of grass species and citrus trees. Furthermore, the application of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as phenanthrene or benzo[a]pyrene, significantly diminished spore ger ...
... chronically contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons have demonstrated the presence of these fungi in the rhizosphere of grass species and citrus trees. Furthermore, the application of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as phenanthrene or benzo[a]pyrene, significantly diminished spore ger ...
exam 2 review pdf - Iowa State University
... 34. Which of these do not have lungs? a. Class Actinopterygii (Ray-finned fish) b. Class Dipnoi (lungfishes) c. Order Caudata (Salamanders) d. None of the above 35. Which is not known as a vertebrate? a. Hagfish b. Amphibians c. Lancelets d. Class Chondrithes (cartilaginous fish) 36. Which of these ...
... 34. Which of these do not have lungs? a. Class Actinopterygii (Ray-finned fish) b. Class Dipnoi (lungfishes) c. Order Caudata (Salamanders) d. None of the above 35. Which is not known as a vertebrate? a. Hagfish b. Amphibians c. Lancelets d. Class Chondrithes (cartilaginous fish) 36. Which of these ...
Plant and soil characteristics affected by biofertilizers from rocks and
... effects of biofertilizers inoculated with diazotrophic bacteria and fungi that produce chitosan. However, recent studies suggest the potential use of rock biofertilizers from phosphorus- and potassiumbearing rocks and minerals as alternatives to synthetic fertilizers. Moura et al. (2007) and Stamfor ...
... effects of biofertilizers inoculated with diazotrophic bacteria and fungi that produce chitosan. However, recent studies suggest the potential use of rock biofertilizers from phosphorus- and potassiumbearing rocks and minerals as alternatives to synthetic fertilizers. Moura et al. (2007) and Stamfor ...
Perspectives of plant-associated microbes in heavy metal
... the phyto-microbial diversity. This technology employs biodiversity to remove/contain pollutants from the air, soil and water. In recent years, there has been a considerable knowledge explosion in understanding plant-microbes-heavy metals interactions. Novel applications of plant-associated microbes ...
... the phyto-microbial diversity. This technology employs biodiversity to remove/contain pollutants from the air, soil and water. In recent years, there has been a considerable knowledge explosion in understanding plant-microbes-heavy metals interactions. Novel applications of plant-associated microbes ...
Accumulation of heavy metals in fibre crops flax, cotton and hemp
... metal uptake of Linum usitatissimum in association with Glomus intraradices N Ali, S Masood, T Mukhtar, MA Kamran… - Environmental …, 2015 - Springer Abstract The current study was aimed at analyzing the differential effects of heavy metals (cadmium and chromium) and mycorrhizal fungus; Glomus intra ...
... metal uptake of Linum usitatissimum in association with Glomus intraradices N Ali, S Masood, T Mukhtar, MA Kamran… - Environmental …, 2015 - Springer Abstract The current study was aimed at analyzing the differential effects of heavy metals (cadmium and chromium) and mycorrhizal fungus; Glomus intra ...
Investigating CH4 production in an oxic plant
... forests > managed forests > grasslands > crop fields). However, this does not exclude a simultaneous endogenic CH4 production in the plant-soil system, which cannot be detected simply via CH4 flux measurements. Methanogenic archaea producing CH4 under anoxic conditions were thought to be the only bi ...
... forests > managed forests > grasslands > crop fields). However, this does not exclude a simultaneous endogenic CH4 production in the plant-soil system, which cannot be detected simply via CH4 flux measurements. Methanogenic archaea producing CH4 under anoxic conditions were thought to be the only bi ...
THE ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS CONTENT IN TOTAL AND
... into the atmosphere, soil and water and may lead to manifold damage to the environment. Primarily, the indicated substances have a very negative impact on the overall development of plants: layers of dust deposit on leaves, reducing the number of active stomata (Dąbkowska-Naskręt et al. 2006; Jawor ...
... into the atmosphere, soil and water and may lead to manifold damage to the environment. Primarily, the indicated substances have a very negative impact on the overall development of plants: layers of dust deposit on leaves, reducing the number of active stomata (Dąbkowska-Naskręt et al. 2006; Jawor ...
Protists and Fungi
... one or more flagella at some point in their life cycle. Recall that flagella are tail-like structures that help unicellular organisms swim. Although the flagella of zooflagellates (phylum Zoomastigophora) look like the flagella of prokaryotes, they are structurally very different. Prokaryotic flagel ...
... one or more flagella at some point in their life cycle. Recall that flagella are tail-like structures that help unicellular organisms swim. Although the flagella of zooflagellates (phylum Zoomastigophora) look like the flagella of prokaryotes, they are structurally very different. Prokaryotic flagel ...
Applied Soil Ecology 61:
... was >80% and mesquite was almost 100%. Inoculation with growthpromoting microorganisms induce significant effects on the gas exchange of leaves of these trees, measured as transpiration and diffusion resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions (Bashan et al., 2009b). In th ...
... was >80% and mesquite was almost 100%. Inoculation with growthpromoting microorganisms induce significant effects on the gas exchange of leaves of these trees, measured as transpiration and diffusion resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions (Bashan et al., 2009b). In th ...
English
... Several legumes that have nitrogenfixing root nodules are used as green manure crops, which provide nitrogen fertilizer for other crops when plowed under. Specialized bald cypress roots, termed knees, are sold as souvenirs, lamp bases and carved into folk art. Some people have used the flexible ...
... Several legumes that have nitrogenfixing root nodules are used as green manure crops, which provide nitrogen fertilizer for other crops when plowed under. Specialized bald cypress roots, termed knees, are sold as souvenirs, lamp bases and carved into folk art. Some people have used the flexible ...
The Effect of Crop Protection Chemicals on Soil-Dwelling
... Soil enzymes are produced mostly by plants and microorganisms – bacteria and fungi. Some of them are present inside microbial cells, for example, dehydrogenases are found in the plasma membrane of bacteria and in the mitochondrial membrane of fungi. Others, such as urease, phosphatase, cellulase and ...
... Soil enzymes are produced mostly by plants and microorganisms – bacteria and fungi. Some of them are present inside microbial cells, for example, dehydrogenases are found in the plasma membrane of bacteria and in the mitochondrial membrane of fungi. Others, such as urease, phosphatase, cellulase and ...
Soil Invertebrates and Abiotic Factors
... careful anatomical study is required for complete identification. Furthermore, many of the individuals encountered in samples are immature forms for which descriptions are generally unavailable. We will identify and count the invertebrates during the second week of this ...
... careful anatomical study is required for complete identification. Furthermore, many of the individuals encountered in samples are immature forms for which descriptions are generally unavailable. We will identify and count the invertebrates during the second week of this ...
Soil Invertebrates and Abiotic Factors
... careful anatomical study is required for complete identification. Furthermore, many of the individuals encountered in samples are immature forms for which descriptions are generally unavailable. We will identify and count the invertebrates during the second week of this ...
... careful anatomical study is required for complete identification. Furthermore, many of the individuals encountered in samples are immature forms for which descriptions are generally unavailable. We will identify and count the invertebrates during the second week of this ...
10_chapter 1
... productivity (Vitousek et al., 1997). Human-induced activities and disturbance have helped increase contributions to the N cycle, through energy and fertiliser production, and mobilisation of N from long-term storage pools (Galloway 1998; Goulding et al., 1998). This extra reactive N can affect ecos ...
... productivity (Vitousek et al., 1997). Human-induced activities and disturbance have helped increase contributions to the N cycle, through energy and fertiliser production, and mobilisation of N from long-term storage pools (Galloway 1998; Goulding et al., 1998). This extra reactive N can affect ecos ...
The Nitrogen cycle
... 1) Nitrogen is converted to ammonia by Nitrogen fixing bacteria and to nitrates by nitrifying bacteria. ...
... 1) Nitrogen is converted to ammonia by Nitrogen fixing bacteria and to nitrates by nitrifying bacteria. ...
Microbes and soil structure intimately linked
... Aggregates control soil health The size, arrangement and stability of aggregates determines a soil’s physical, chemical and biological properties. While microbial glues control the formation of aggregates, it is the way aggregates are connected that impact on microbial movement and growth. The size ...
... Aggregates control soil health The size, arrangement and stability of aggregates determines a soil’s physical, chemical and biological properties. While microbial glues control the formation of aggregates, it is the way aggregates are connected that impact on microbial movement and growth. The size ...
Rhizoctonia
... over the surface eventually forming infection cushions and plants and disease may reoccur after leaving infection pegs which enable it to penetrate plant tissues the nursery. and take up nutrients for continued fungal growth and development. Penetration can also occur through natural openings (lenti ...
... over the surface eventually forming infection cushions and plants and disease may reoccur after leaving infection pegs which enable it to penetrate plant tissues the nursery. and take up nutrients for continued fungal growth and development. Penetration can also occur through natural openings (lenti ...
Ectomycorrhiza
An ectomycorrhiza (Gk. ἐκτός, ektos, ""outside;"" μυκός, mykós, ""fungus;"" ριζα, riza, ""roots;"" pl. ectomycorrhizas or ectomycorrhizae, abbreviated EcM) is a form of symbiotic relationship that occurs between a fungal symbiont and the roots of various plant species. The mycobiont tends to be predominantly from the phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, although a few are represented in the phylum Zygomycota.Ectomycorrhizas form between fungi and the roots of around 2% of plant species. These tend to be composed of woody plants, including species from the birch, dipterocarp, myrtle, beech, willow, pine and rose families.Unlike other mycorrhizal relationships, such as arbuscular mycorrhiza and ericoid mycorrhiza, ectomycorrhizal fungi do not penetrate their host’s cell walls. Instead, they form an entirely intercellular interface, consisting of highly branched hyphae forming a latticework between epidermal and cortical root cells, known as the Hartig net.Ectomycorrhizas are further differentiated from other mycorrhizas by the formation of a dense hyphal sheath, known as the mantle, surrounding the root surface. This sheathing mantle can be up to 40 µm thick, with hyphae extending up to several centimeters into the surrounding soil. This hyphal network aids in water and nutrient uptake often helping the host plant to survive adverse conditions, and in exchange, the fungal symbiont is provided with access to carbohydrates.Many EcM fungal fruiting bodies are well known. These include the economically important and edible truffle (Tuber) and the deadly death caps and destroying angels (Amanita). They also form on many common temperate forest trees, such as pines (Pinus), oaks (Quercus), willows (Salix), Douglas firs (Pseudotsuga), eucalypts (Eucalyptus), beeches (Fagus) and birches (Betula).There have been tremendous advances in research concerning ectomycorrhizal identification and ecological importance over the past few years. This has led to a more complete understanding of the intricate and varied roles ectomycorrhizas play in the ecosystem. These advances in knowledge have led to increased applicability in areas such as ecosystem management and restoration, forestry and agriculture.