Download Cell organelles Flash Cards

Cells
T
Cells
I
 A double layer of phospholipids
embedded with protein molecules.
 Encloses the cytoplasm of a cell.
 Controls the movement of molecules
into and out of the cell.
 Responsible for recognition, adhesion
and communication between cells.
Plasma Membrane /
Cell Membrane
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Cells
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Cells
D
?
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1
Cells
T
Nucleus
(pl.nuclei)
Cells
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 only found in eukaryotes
 contains chromosomes
 controls cellular activity
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Cells
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Cells
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Nuclear membrane /
Nuclear envelope
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Cells
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Cells
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double membrane
 controls the movement of
molecules into and out of the
nucleus
 contains nuclear pores which allow
RNA to move out of the nucleus,
but not DNA

Ribosomes
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Cells
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Cells
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Cells
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Cells
 site of protein synthesis
 smallest organelle (not seen
under a light microscope)
 not membrane bound
 found in all cells
 attached to rough endoplasmic
reticulum or free in the cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
(pl.mitochondria)
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Cells
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 Site of aerobic respiration
 surrounded by a double membrane
(outer membrane and highly
folded inner membrane)
 contains its own DNA and
ribosomes
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T
Cells
T
Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
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Cells
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Cells
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Cells
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Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
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Cells
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 a network of intracellular membranes
that are not attached to ribosomes
 transport proteins from rough
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi body
 involved in the synthesis of lipids
(fats and phospholipids) and steroids
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Cells
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Cells
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 a network of intracellular membranes
with its surface covered in ribosomes
 transport proteins from ribosomes to
the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
 sugar molecules may be added to
proteins to make glycoproteins
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Cells
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Cells
D
?
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Cells
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Cells
 modifies proteins and packages them into
vesicles for transport around the cell or
export from the cell
 often surrounded by vesicles
 may add carbohydrates to proteins to form
glycoproteins, and assembles some
polysaccharides for export from the cell
Golgi complex/
Golgi apparatus/
Golgi body
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Cells
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T
Cells
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T
Chloroplast
Cells
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 site of photosynthesis
 surrounded by a double membrane
 contains its own DNA and
ribosomes
 green in colour due to the pigment
chlorophyll which traps light energy
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Cells
I
 membrane bound organelle that may contain
food, enzymes or fluid
 small and temporary in animal cells, usually
contain food involved with intracellular
digestion
 large and permanent in mature plant cells,
providing structural support. Contain water,
ions, toxins and pigments
 involved in water balance in some protozoa
Vacuole
Cells
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D
Cells
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X
?
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Cells
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Cell wall
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Cells
I
 surrounds all cells except for
animal cells and some protists
 extremely permeable - ie allows
most molecules to pass through
 provides structural support and
prevents expansion of the cell
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Cells
T
Cells
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 the contents of the cell, other than
the nucleus in eukaryotes or the
nucleoid in prokaryotes
 mainly composed of water, and
contains ions, salts, enzymes, food
molecules and all of the organelles
except for the nucleus/nucleoid
Cytoplasm
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Cells
D
Cells
D
?
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Cells
T
Cilia
(s.cilium)
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Cells


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Latin for 'eyelash'
usually short and numerous in number
attached to cell membrane
function: movement
3 fibres structure in prokaryotes and
9x2 microtubules structure in
eukaryotes
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Cells
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Cells
Latin for 'whip'
usually long and few in number
attached to cell membrane
function: movement
3 fibres structure in prokaryotes
and 9x2 microtubules structure in
eukaryotes

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Flagellum
(pl.Flagella)
I
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Cells
D
Cells
D
Digestive
enzymes
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Cells
T
Cells
I
 found in most animal cells and some
plant cells
 membrane bound vesicles that contain
digestive enzymes
 digest foreign substances, materials
no longer needed in the cell and play
a role in organised cell death
Lysosome
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Cells
T
Vesicle
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Cells
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 small, membrane bound
organelle
 often associated with transport
of materials within a cell, into
a cell, or out of a cell
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Cells
D
Cells
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Cells
D
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T
Cells
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 does not contain membrane bound organelles
(including a nucleus)
 unicellular or simple multicellular organisms
 contain a single, circular DNA chromosome
found in the nucleoid
 contain ribosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm
and a cell wall made of protein and complex
carbohydrate
 small (0.5-10m) compared to eukaryotic cells
Prokaryote
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Cells
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Cells
D
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Cells
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Eukaryote
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Cells
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 contain membrane bound organelles (including
a nucleus)
 contain ribosomes, cytoplasm and cell
membrane
 contain multiple, linear DNA chromosomes
which are found in the nucleus
 relatively large (approx.30-150m) compared
to prokaryotic cells
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Cells
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Cells
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 includes the prokaryotes bacteria and
cyanobacteria
 usually unicellular organisms
 do not contain membrane bound organelles
(including a nucleus)
 include a cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes and
cell membrane (and photosynthetic membranes
in cyanobacteria)
Monera
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Cells
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Cells
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Cells
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Cells
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Animal cell
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 eukaryotic cell
 contains a cell wall made of cellulose
 usually contains a large permanent
vacuole
 may contain plastids, such as
chloroplasts, leucoplasts, chromoplasts
 may include starch granules
Plant cell
Cells
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Cells
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 eukaryotic cell
 does not have a cell wall
 does not contain chloroplasts or
other plastids
 vacuoles are small and temporary
 heterotrophic
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Cells
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Cells
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Cells
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T
Cells
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 eukaryotic cell
 contains a cell wall made of chitin
 does not contain chloroplasts or other
plastids
 heterotrophic (obtain nutrients from
decomposition of dead organic matter)
 some are unicellular but many are made
of thread like filaments called hyphae
Fungus cell
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Cells
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T
Cells
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 eukaryotic cells
 most are unicellular (single celled
organisms) but some form colonies
such as seaweed
 some are autotrophic and some
are heterotrophic
Protista
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Cells
T
Virus
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Cells
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 composed of DNA or RNA strands
surrounded by a protein coat
 non-cellular - does not contain cytoplasm,
organelles or its own cell membrane
 depends on cells for metabolism and
reproduction
 relatively small compared to bacteria
(approx.20-300nm)
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