Download Evolution Review Questions Name: :______ One of the most

Evolution Review Questions
Name:______________________________________________________________Period:_____________
1.
One of the most significant adaptations that Darwin observed from the finches were what?
a. Similarities of the birds' embryos
b. Birds’ different-shaped beaks
c. Length of birds' necks
d. Number of eggs in each bird's nest
2.
What did Darwin learn from reading the work of Hutton and Lyell?
a. Earth is relatively young
b. All geological change is caused by living organisms
c. Gradual change over a long period result in dramatic changes
d. Processes that formed old rocks on Earth don't operate today
3.
Lamarck proposed that organisms...
a. have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection
b. have an innate tendency to become simpler
c. have an innate tendency to become mediocre
d. belong to species that never change
4.
Which is a major concept included in Lamarck's evolutionary hypothesis?
a. change is the result of survival of the fittest
b. a small population size decreases the rate of evolution
c. artificial selection is the basis for evolution
d. body structures can change by the "use it or lose it" action
5.
Who had ideas that starvation and disease could prevent the endless growth of human
population?
a. Charles Darwin
b. Malthus
c. Lamarck
d. Charles Lyell
6.
When dairy farmers choose to breed the cows that produce the most milk, this principle is?
a. Acquired characteristics
b. Descent with modification
c. Artificial selection
d. Natural selection
7.
Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce what?
a. Diversity
b. Adaptation
c. Evolution
d. Fitness
8.
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals that tend to survive have what?
a. adaptations best suited to environmental conditions
b. characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse
c. characteristics that plant and animal breeders value
d. the greatest number of offspring
9.
Biogeography is the study of
a. how extinct species can be related to living species
b. where species and their ancestors live
c. how different species can interbreed
d. how animals that live in the same area are closely related
10. In whales, the pelvis bone is an example of
a. Fossils
b. Acquired traits
c. Natural variation
d. Vestigial structures
11. Molecular evidence in support of natural selection includes what?
a. the nearly universal genetic code
b. presence of vestigial structures
c. a tendency towards perfect, unchanging DNA in species
d. the transmission of acquired characteristics by DNA
12. The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up the population's what?
a. Allele frequency
b. Phenotype
c. Genotype
d. Gene pool
13. If an allele makes up 1/2 of the frequency of a population's allele for a trait, its frequency equals
a. 100%
b. 50
c. 50%
d. 100
14. Natural selection acts directly on
a. Alleles
b. Phenotypes
c. Genes
d. Mutations
15. What are the three sources of genetic variation?
a. genotypes, phenotypes, polygenic traits
b. single-gene traits, polygenic traits, adaptations
c. directional selection, disruptive selection, stabilizing
d. sexual reproduction, lateral gene transfer, mutations
16. Compared to a polygenic trait, a single-gene trait tends to have
a. fewer phenotypes
b. more phenotypes
c. the same number of phenotypes
d. phenotypes that form a bell-shaped curve
17. When individuals at only one end of a bell curve have high fitness, this is known as what?
a. Stabilizing selection
b. Directional selection
c. Disruptive selection
d. Genetic drift
18. What type of structures are these?
a. Analogous
b. Vestigial
c. Homologous
d. Polygenic
19. What type of selection is it when individuals with the average trait have the highest fitness?
a. Not predictable
b. Disruptive selection
c. Directional selection
d. Stabilizing selection
20. A bird’s wing and an insect’s wing is an example of what?
a. Vestigial structures
b. Analogous structures
c. Homologous structures
d. Polygenic structures
21. One group of birds has a short beak and another has long narrow beaks. What process occurred?
a. Directional selection
b. Disruptive selection
c. Stabilizing selection
d. Genetic drift
22. In genetic drift, the allele frequencies in a gene pool change because of what?
a. Chance
b. Mutations
c. Natural selection
d. Genetic equilibrium
23. The situation in which allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population remain constant.
a. Evolution
b. Genetic drift
c. Genetic equilibrium
d. Natural selection
24. One of the conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium is
a. natural selection
b. mutations
c. nonrandom mating
d. no immigration or emigration
25. According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, genetic equilibrium would be more likely if
a. the population size rapidly decreases
b. mutation rates within the population rise
c. no natural selection takes place
d. there is frequent movement into and out of the population
26. The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is
a. Geographic isolation
b. Temporal isolation
c. Behavioral isolation
d. Genetic equilibrium
27. What is a factor that is necessary for the formation of a new species to occur?
a. Reproduction at different times
b. Reproductive isolation
c. Geographic barriers
d. Different mating behaviors
28. Which of the following statements defines the members of a species?
a. They are temporally isolated from each other
b. They are geographically isolated from each other
c. They have identical genes
d. They mate and produce offspring
29. If a population has some plants with flowers opening midday and others opening late day this is
a. Behavioral isolation
b. Geographic isolation
c. Temporal isolation
d. Genetic drift
30. What method uses mutation rates in DNA to estimate the evolution of species?
a. The molecular watch
b. The molecular tree
c. The molecular clock
d. The molecular effect
Short Answer:
31. What sources of evolution contributed to Charles Darwin’s presentation of his concept of
evolution by natural selection. Explain why each is evidence. (You should have 4 listed)
32. The Hardy-Weinberg principle describes the conditions that can change the frequency of alleles
in a population. List the five conditions that can disrupt equilibrium and explain why each do.
33. Define speciation. What are three mechanisms for reproductive isolation? Explain each and
provide an example.
34. Label each graph with the correct selection type and then write the definition.
35. What are the Bottleneck Effect and Founder Effect? Explain how genetic drift differs from natural
selection.