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The Golden Age of Islam E. Napp Objective: To identify and describe significant achievements of the golden age of Islam Do Now: Multiple-choice questions from previous lessons 1. One similarity between the Five Pillars of 4. "1. In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Islam and the Ten Commandments is that Most Merciful. both 2. Praise be to Allah, The Cherisher and (1) support a belief in reincarnation Sustainer of the Worlds; (2) promote learning as a means to salvation 3. One way in which the Vedas, the Bible, (3) encourage the use of statues to symbolize and the Koran are similar is that these God religious books (4) provide a guide to proper ethical and (1) provide guidelines to govern the moral behavior behavior of believers (2) deny the existence of a supreme being 2. The Koran, jihad, and the hegira are most who rules the universe closely associated with the practice of (3) encourage strife between segments of (1) Islam believers (2) Judaism (4) support political rebellions to overthrow (3) Shinto existing governments (4) Buddhism 5. During the centuries of dynastic rule, the 3. In most societies, works of art and Chinese rejected other cultures as inferior to architecture generally serve to their own. This situation illustrates the (1) satisfy the needs of the leaders concept of (2) limit the influence of religion (1) ethnocentrism (3) reflect the values of that society (2) imperialism (4) express opposition to the government in (3) social mobility power (4) cultural diffusion Islamic civilization experienced a golden age under the Abbassid Dynasty, which ruled from the mid 8th century until the mid 13th century. A golden age is a time of prosperity and great achievements. During the Islamic golden age, there were great advances in mathematics and science as well as art and literature. According to the teachings of the Qur'an though, Islamic artists were forbidden from using human figures in religious art. Therefore, they developed a style of geometric shapes and patterns that were used to decorate religious buildings called Mosques. These geometric patterns usually contained verses from the Qur'an written in a stylized form of decorative handwriting called calligraphy. ~ Regentsprep.org Questions: What occurred during the Abbasid Dynasty? ________________________________ Define a golden age. ________________________________ In what areas did Muslims make great contributions? ________________________________ What were Islamic artists forbidden from using? ________________________________ Describe Islamic art. ________________________________ Define mosque. ________________________________ Cornell Notes Outline: The Golden Age of Islam (Add Key Words and Summaries) The Key Words: The Notes: I. Golden Age A. A time of peace, prosperity, and great achievements 1. Peace and wealth afforded scholars, scientists, and artists opportunities 2. Wealth from trade increased opportunities for scholars and artists 3. Trade within the Islamic empire was brisk and profitable B. II. The Summaries: Islamic civilization experienced a golden age 1. During the Abbasid Dynasty 2. Islam’s “golden age” emerged under the Abbasids between 850 and 950 Islamic Achievements A. Math and Science 1. Arabs borrowed the concept of zero from India 2. Developed Arabic numerals 3. Made advances in algebra and geometry 4. Learned to diagnose measles and smallpox 5. Developed chemistry 6. Learned that blood moves to and from the heart 7. Experimented with vaccinations 8. In art and architecture, Islamic tradition blended Greco-Roman and Christian Byzantine arts with that of Persia and influences from Central Asia and India B. Art and Literature 1. Forbidden to make images of people and God 2. Made beautiful geometric designs 3. Poems and stories C. Architecture 1. built beautiful mosques or Islamic houses of worship Please read the passage below and answer the questions: The Arabs were influenced by the great civilizations of the ancient Middle East, as well as by the achievements of Greece and Rome. Arab rulers were known as caliphs. The capital of the caliphate moved first to Damascus in Syria and then to Baghdad in Iraq. During these centuries, while learning was in decline in Western Europe, a golden age flourished in the Islamic world. A golden age is a time of peace, prosperity, and great achievements. Arabs tolerated Christians and Jews, who contributed to Arab scholarship and culture. 1- Who influenced the Arabs? ________________________________________________________________________ 2- Define caliph. ________________________________________________________________________ 3- What were the locations of the capitals of the caliphates? ________________________________________________________________________ 4- What did the Islamic world experience? ________________________________________________________________________ 5- Why did the Arabs’ tolerant policy towards Jews and Christians benefit the Arab world? ________________________________________________________________________ The Muslims built hospitals to care for the sick. In these hospitals, doctors studied why people got sick. Muslims became the first people to make a science of medicine. They studied it carefully and they trained their doctors carefully. From their study, they discovered that some sicknesses are contagious or can pass from one person to another. One Arab doctor named Al-Razi wrote books about two diseases - smallpox and measles. Al-Razi may have been the first doctor to sew up cuts and to put casts on broken arms and legs. Arab astronomers figured out that the earth is round. They correctly guessed that it was about 25,000 miles around. An Arab geographer was the first to put a map on a ball to show the right shape of the earth. Other Arab scientists studied light and were the first to learn that it travels in a straight line. They also learned that the curving of a lens makes things appear larger. The greatest Muslim scholar was an Arab named Jabir. His discoveries led to chemistry. Other Arab scientists invented much of the equipment we use today in chemistry. 6- How did Muslims develop the science of medicine? ________________________________________________________________________ 7- What were some of the Arab achievements in medicine? ________________________________________________________________________ 8- What was an Arab achievement in astronomy? ________________________________________________________________________ 9- Who was Jabir and why was he important? ________________________________________________________________________ In mathematics, Muslim scholars expanded on what they learned from other people. From India, they borrowed the nine numbers that we still used today. We call these “Arabic numbers” even though they came from India. From the Hindus, the Arabs borrowed the decimal system and the idea of zero. 10- List Islamic achievements in the field of mathematics: _________________________ Word Bank: Mosque Pilgrimage Muslims Caliph Humans Math Toleration Monotheism Damascus Baghdad Allah Chemistry Golden Age Muhammad India Multiple-Choice Questions: A major feature of the Golden Age of Moslem culture was the (1) political and economic isolation of the Arab world (2) development of the foundations of modern science and mathematics (3) adoption of democratic government (4) persecution of Jews and Christians Which factor helps explain the scientific and literary achievements of the Muslims during their Golden Age (A.D. 800-1300)? (1) expansion of trans-Atlantic trade (2) innovations introduced by the Europeans during the Renaissance (3) cultural diversity accepted by many Islamic governments (4) legal equality of all people in the Islamic empire “Be happy for this moment. This moment is your life” ~Omar Khayyam