Download 2000 examination

Microbiology 532
Immunology Examination
October 11, 2000
All questions have equal point value.
Multiple Choice (choose the best answer)
1.
When one is describing “adoptive” immunity, one is referring to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
In order for a cell to communicate with another, the cell must:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.
Fc binding.
the antibody specificity of the molecule.
complement receptors.
cytokines.
none of the above.
Martian immunoglobulin molecules follow the same rules of proportions that are found in human
immunoglobulins. If you were told that Martian light chains had a molecular weight of 5,000 kDa,
what would you expect the molecular weight of a single IgG molecule to be?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6.
two light chains.
four light chains.
two light chains and one variable region.
three constant regions and one variable region.
none of the above.
The variable regions of the light and heavy chains of the immunoglobulin molecule define:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5.
have receptors for vitamin D.
use a Walkman radio.
have an Fc receptor.
have a complement receptor.
none of the above.
In the prototype structure of the immunoglobulin molecule each heavy chain is composed of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.
transfer of immune cells from one individual to another.
immunization with a vaccine.
a bone marrow transplant.
transfer of preformed soluble immune components (immunoglobulins).
none of the above.
20,000 kDa
30,000 kDa
40,000 kDa
150,000 kDa
none of the above.
The J-chain is an important polypeptide found in:
a.
b.
c.
IgG.
IgM.
IgE.
Microbiology 532
d.
e.
Immunology Examination
IgD.
none of the above.
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Microbiology 532
7.
Fc-binding of the IgE immunoglobulin is associated with the:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
8.
to function as an antigen receptor on T-lymphocytes.
to mediate ADCC.
to mediate NK activity.
to activate the complement cascade.
none of the above.
Affinity is primarily a function of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10.
Fab fragment.
Fc fragment.
Fd.
ICAM.
none of the above.
The primary role of IgD antibody is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
9.
Immunology Examination
how much you like someone.
polymeric antigen binding sites.
Fc receptors on eosinophils.
the concentration of antigen needed to keep a monovalent antigen in the antigen binding site.
none of the above.
Avidity is primarily a function of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the interaction between a single epitope and a single Fab fragment.
the strength of binding to Fc receptors.
the interactions between the cell adherence molecules and neutrophils.
multiple simultaneous interactions between the Fc receptor and the antigen.
none of the above.
True/False (Please use “a” for true and “b” for false on your answer sheet)
11.
High avidity antibody less effective at neutralizing viruses.
12.
Cross-reaction is the result of Fc binding sites aging and losing their epitope specificity.
13.
An ELISA assay may not be used to measure the concentration of an antigen in serum.
14.
Rings form in the radial immunodiffusion assay because antigen-antibody complexes precipitate at
the leading edge of the diffusing antigen, where the antigen concentration is at the equivalence
point.
15.
Agglutination occurs only with IgG antibodies because of their higher affinity for antigen.
16.
The complement system is considered to be a cascade because the antigen-antibody reaction
results in the generation of numerous steps, each one triggering the next.
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Microbiology 532
Immunology Examination
17.
Complement may only be activated in the alternate pathway when a specific antigen-antibody
reaction occurs.
19.
The clonal selection theory proposed that, prior to encounter with antigen, there exists a large
number of B cells pre-committed to specific epitopes.
20.
CD antigens are antibodies on the surface of cells that bind different types of effector cells.
Multiple Choice (choose the best answer)
21.
The MHC-encoded antigen receptors control interactions between antigen presenting cells and:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
22.
B cells are not usually stimulated by antigen alone because:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
23.
Fc receptors.
remote sensing.
complement receptors.
a homing mechanism.
none of the above.
Plasma cells are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
26.
is usually a macrophage or monocyte.
is usually a T cell.
produces cytokines which influence the NK cell while it is presented antigen.
produces ICAMs which are critical for diapedesis.
none of the above.
B cells recognize antigen using:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
25.
they usually require T cell help to be stimulated by antigen.
most B cells in the circulation need thymic hormones secreted by the antigen presenting cell
to mature to a plasma cell.
Phagocytosis by B cells must be stimulated by antigen presenting cells.
all of the above.
none of the above.
The antigen presenting cell
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
24.
T cells.
plasma cells.
megakaryocytes.
platelets.
none of the above.
T cells that have been triggered by antigen to mature to antibody-producing cells.
T cells that have migrated to germinal centers of the body.
Cells that make plasma.
B cells that have been stimulated by antigen to mature.
none of the above.
Cytokines are:
a.
vascular addressins.
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Microbiology 532
b.
c.
d.
e.
Immunology Examination
a form of ICAM.
a type of FACS analysis.
soluble “messages” having no antigen specificity produced by cells to communicate with
other cells.
none of the above.
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27.
Adjuvants are often required during immunization to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
28.
present antigen to target cells.
buy a round of beer at the bowling alley.
stimulate immune responses of antigens in privileged sites.
tell target cells that it is time to die.
none of the above.
The lag phase of the secondary response is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
30.
to deaden the pain of the injection.
to prevent the rapid elimination of antigen following injection.
suppress excess macrophage activity.
suppress excess T cell responsiveness.
none of the above.
Induction of apoptosis is a method by which cytotoxic T cells:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
29.
Immunology Examination
short due to the presence of memory cells.
long due to the earlier anamnestic response.
of the same duration as the primary response lag phase.
long, due to the time it takes to select and expand cell populations that recognize a specific
antigen.
none of the above.
The lag phase of the anamnestic response is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
very short, due to memory cells.
very short due to the lack of antigen presenting cells.
very short when dendritic cells are absent.
very short, due to the presence of accessory cells.
none of the above.
True/False (Please use “a” for true and “b” for false on your answer sheet)
31.
Affinity maturation is the result of the aging of antibodies to a specific epitope once they are
synthesized.
32.
The innate mechanisms of host immunity play a role in the defense of the body regardless of the
specific immune response.
33.
The ability of a microorganism to establish an infection is generally a function of its possession of
a receptor for a specific substance on a host cell.
34.
Opsonization enhances the ability of phagocytic cells to engulf bacteria because it results in
coating of the bacteria with substances against which the phagocytic cells have receptors.
35.
Fc and complement receptors on phagocytic cells bind opsonized bacteria and pull them into
phagocytic vacuoles.
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Immunology Examination
36.
Atopic individuals are people who tend to make excessive amounts of IgD antibodies.
37.
Mast cell degranulation occurs as a result of cross-linkage of IgE Fc receptors on accessory cells.
39.
Genetic factors associated with atopy define the specific allergies that you will inherit from your
parents.
40.
Desensitization injections are thought to stimulate suppressor cell activity and reduce IgE synthesis
in atopic patients.
Multiple Choice (choose the best answer)
41.
The target of the complement activity is determined by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
42.
Complement damage is generally highly localized due to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
43.
they present antigen to plasma cells.
they are capable of mediating ADCC.
neutrophil chemotactic activity is generated upon complement activation.
neutrophil diapedesis is difficult in the presence of chemotactic factors.
none of the above
Serum from an Rh negative patient agglutinates red blood cells from a patient who is AB and Rh
negative. What blood type is the first patient?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
45.
long half-lives of the activated complement components.
very low concentrations of the inactivated complement components in serum.
the inability to activate the system in the presence of IgG antibodies.
the natural affinity of complement for antigen presenting cells.
none of the above
Neutrophils are the primary cellular infiltrate in an antibody-mediated hypersensitivity because:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
44.
Fc receptors.
vascular addressins.
the cytokine concentrations in the vicinity of the primary lymphoid organs.
the specificity if the antibody.
none of the above.
It can’t be determined from the information provided.
Type A
Type B
Type O
Type AB
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (Rh incompatibility) is the result of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
an Rh positive mother conceiving an Rh positive child.
ABO incompatibility.
an Rh positive mother conceiving an Rh negative child.
an Rh negative mother conceiving an Rh negative child.
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Microbiology 532
e.
46.
d.
e.
c.
d.
e.
the microorganism is not recognized by the innate host defenses.
the microorganism encounters the innate host defense mechanisms.
the microorganism invades a primary lymphoid organ.
the microorganisms activates the alternate complement pathway.
none of the above
Antigens in immunologically privileged sites:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
50.
These substances bind to MHC-encoded receptors and trigger cytokine production.
The low molecular weight substances react with tissues, forming a hapten-carrier complex,
and take advantage of the higher molecular weight of the tissue and serum proteins to become immunogenic.
These substances coalesce into large complexes and directly trigger plasma cells.
The substances trigger the complement cascade and cause neutrophils to accumulate and to
serve as antigen presenting cells.
none of the above.
Autoimmunity may occur following an infection when:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
49.
Free antigen is rapidly filtered out of the body by the kidneys.
Antigen presenting cells rapidly bind all of the antigen in their MHC-encoded receptors.
Free antigen causes the activation of the complement system and the protease activity of one
of the complement components degrades free antigen.
The free antigen is being bound in immune complexes.
none of the above
Contact dermatitis generally occurs against substances that are considered to have a molecular
weight too small to induce an immune response. How do these substance induce an immune response?
a.
b.
48.
none of the above
During serum sickness, the concentration of free antigen in the serum drops rapidly at the onset of
serum sickness symptoms. Why?
a.
b.
c.
47.
Immunology Examination
are given special honors due to their outstanding achievements.
are highly immunogenic.
tend to be processed more efficiently by NK cells.
are not generally detected by the immune system.
none of the above
Innate host defense mechanisms are critical to the protection of the body because:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
they utilize pre-committed T cells that have already been induced by other immune responses.
they are the first line of defense of the body.
they are highly specific for the invading pathogens.
they provide immediate, continuous protection as the result of a specific immune response.
none of the above
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