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Taxonomy I) General Information A) defn: the study of _________________. B) Why group things? 1) Makes it easier to _______________________________________________. 2) Makes it easier to ______________________________________________. 3) Shows __________________________________________________. II) Historical Background A) Aristole- (350 BC) first scientist to sort organisms as either plant or animal. B) Carolus Linnaeus (____________________________-1700’s) - “Father of Modern Taxonomy” 1) Developed “____________________________________________” system for identifying every organism. 2) Reasons for this naming: (a) Common names vary from ________________ to ________________. (b) Common names vary _____________________________ for the same organism. (c) Sometimes the same common name is assigned to __________________________ in different _____________________________. III) Binomial Nomenclature Rules: A) Names should be in ___________________. Why? ________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ B) Every organism is assigned to a given Genus and species. 1) The ___________________ name is the first name and it is always “________________” and italicized or underlined. 2) The ________________ name is always ______________________ and italicized or underlined. o e.g. _______________ lupus or Homo ______________ IV) Criteria for Classification A) Besides similarities in physical structures, we group things due to similarities in: 1) _________________________ data, e.g. rRNA 2) _________________________ 3) _______________________________ V) Modern Classification A) __________________________________ Classification 1) _______________________ – Study of evolutionary relationships. 2) Members of the same species share a recent _____________________ ______________________ 3) ___________________________ show how one lineage branched from another over time. VI) Classification Categories A) Different levels (________) from the most general characteristics to more specific characteristics. B) Eight levels of taxonomy are: Do ______________________ Keep ____________________ Pots ____________________ Clean __________________ Or __________________ Family __________________ Gets ___________________ Sick VII) _____________________ Domains A) Achaea (________________ bacteria) 1) ________________________ 2) _________________________ and few organelles 3) Cell wall and cell membranes _____________________________________ than other bacteria. 4) Live in extremely harsh environments: e.g. halophiles, thermophiles B) Bacteria 1) Unicellular 2) Cell wall made of ___________________; cell membranes have ____________________. 3) No nucleus and few organelles 4) ___________________________________________ today. C) Eukarya 1) Unicellular and __________________________. 2) Membrane bound nucleus with cellular organelles. VIII) Four Kingdoms belonging to Eukarya domain are: A) Protista - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ B) Fungi - _______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ C) Plantae - _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________. D) Animalia - ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________. Eukarya Domains Bacteria and Archaea Domains