Download Unit 4 Test Review-Biomolecules Name Period ______ 1. Complete

Unit 4 Test Review-Biomolecules
Name ____________________
Period _________
1. Complete the following table.
Macromolecule/
Organic Compound
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic acid
Monomer (basic
subunit)
Monosaccharide,
disaccharide,
polysaccharide
fatty acid
amino acid
Examples
Monosaccharide - Glucose,
fructose
Disaccharide- sugar
Polysaccharide- starch,
cellulose
Fats, waxes, steroids, oils
Enzymes, collagen, antibodies
Nucleotide
(Phosphate, sugar,
base)
DNA &
RNA and ATP
Function in body
Storing energy, structure in
plants
Store energy, pigments, cell
membrane, messages in
body
Structural component,
chemical reactions
Heredity information,
manufacturing of proteins
2. Organic compounds are found in living things and contain the element ___carbon_____________ bound to
other elements.
3. How do cells store the energy from organic compounds in food? ___carbs_______
4. Where do acids range on the pH scale? _______acids < 7_________
5. Where do bases range on the pH scale? ____bases > 7___________
6. Activation energy is the energy required to start a chemical reaction. Do enzymes increase or decrease the
activation energy of a reaction? _____decrease___________
7. Draw a sketch of DNA and RNA below and label each.
8. Saturated fats are usually ( solid / liquid ) at room temperature. Give an example. __solid, coconut
oil_____________
9. Unsaturated fats are ( solid / liquid ) at room temperature. Give an example. __liquid, veg oil_______________
10. If a molecule ends in –ose, it is probably which macromolecule? ___carb__________________
11. If a molecule ends in –ase, it is probably which type of protein? _______enzyme________________
12. Plants store glucose in the form of __starch_____________. Animals store glucose as
____glycogen____________.
13. List factors that affect enzyme activity. _environmental factors, cofactors and coenzymes,
inhibitors_______________.
14. Write the correct name next to the macromolecule structure—lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, protein.
(Carb)
(Protein)
(Lipid)
15. Use the diagram below to answer the following questions:
(Nucleic Acid)
A) What happens to the reaction rate as the amount of substrate increases?
Increases
B) What does it mean that an enzyme is “saturated?”
Enzyme active site is saturated (filled) with substrate
C) How would you know by looking at the graph, that an enzyme had become saturated?
The reaction ceases
16. A. What is the optimum temperature for this enzyme?
About 40-45 degrees Celsius
B. Explain why, at 60 degrees Celsius, the graph drastically decreases. What happened to explain this.
No more enzyme activity, extreme temp can denature the enzymes
17. Correctly fill out the table for the elements of each macromolecule: Put a check mark next to the elements it
contains.
Macromolecule
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbohydrates
X
X
X
Lipids
X
X
X
Proteins
X
X
X
X
Nucleic Acids
X
X
X
X
X
18. Next to each macromolecule-match it to its correct indicator & food example.
Lipid (Sudan, Butter)
Biuret
Pasta
Carbohydrate (Iodine, Pasta)
Sudan
Butter
Protein (Biuret, Steak)
Iodine
Steak
19. Why do scientists use the “lock and key” model to explain how enzyme’s function?
Because the shape of the substrate must match up with the active site of the enzyme
20. What type of macromolecule is an enzyme? What are the subunits “monomers” of an enzyme?
Protein, Amino acid
21. Write the correct number of calories per gram for each macromoleculeLipids=_____9_cal/g
Carbohydrates= __4____cal/g Proteins= ___4____cal/g
22. Identify each macromolecule: nucleic acid, carbohydrate, protein, and lipid
Nucleic acid
Carbohydrate
Phosporous
Lipid
Protein
23. Which biomolecule is synthesized by dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction)?
Macromolecules
24. Which is synthesized through the formation of peptide bonds?
Protein
25. What are the differences between a saturated and unsaturated fat (min of 2)? What chemical structure
accounts for this difference? Explain the effects of saturated versus unsaturated fats on a person’s health.
Saturated fats are completely saturated with hydrogen. Unsaturated have a double bond (carbon). Unsaturated
considered high in antioxidants and increase “good” cholesterol. Saturated associated with heart disease and
increase “bad” cholesterol.