Download Unit 3 Jeopardy Questions and Answers

Chapter 12
 What type of cells are produced through mitosis? (somatic)
 How many cells does mitosis produce? (2)
 If you have 20 chromosomes, how many chromatids do you have? (40)
 If you have 20 chromosomes, how many centromeres do you have? (20)
 What are 3 types of cells you could expect to find in the G0 stage of the cell cycle? (nerve,
muscle, bone)
 You find a tumor on your pet rat that isn’t spreading. Is it benign or malignant? (benign)
Chapter 13
 What kind of cells does meiosis produce? (gametes)
 How many cells does meiosis produce? (4)
 How many pairs of autosomes are present in a somatic cell? (22)
 How many sets of chromosomes does an animal that is 3n have? (3)
 Through what process are recombinant chromosomes produced? (crossing over)
 What is a locus? (a specific location of a gene on a chromosome)
Chapter 14
 What is an allele? (an alternative version of a gene)
 What is a phenotype? (observable traits of an organism)
 What would be the phenotype of the F1 generation be for a purple flower and white flower be if
purple is dominant? (purple)
 What is pleiotropy? (one gene has many effects)
 What is epistasis? (one gene controls if another gene is expressed or not)
 Give an example of a genotype of a carrier? (Aa, or any heterozygote)
Chapter 15
 Where are sex-linked genes found? (on sex chromosomes)
 How are recombinant offspring different than their parents? (they have different phenotypes)
 What is the formula for calculating a recombination frequency? (# of recombinant
offspring/total offspring)
 What effect does gene location have on recombination frequency? (genes farther apart have a
higher frequency of recombination)
 What is a Barr body? (an inactive female X chromosome)
 How does nondisjunction occur? (when homologous pairs fail to separate during meiosis)
Chapter 22
 What phrase did Darwin use to explain evolution? (descent w/ modification)
 Who advocated catastrophism? (Cuvier)
 What was Lamarck’s theory about evolution? (use and disuse, acquired traits)
 Who advocated uniformitarianism? (Lyell and Hutton)
 How does natural selection depend on the environment? (organisms better equipped for the
environment will have a tendency to survive)
 Which is more comprehensive: a theory or a hypothesis? (theory)
Chapter 23
 What is a gene pool? (collection of all genes in a population)
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What causes gene flow? (migration of individuals or movement of gametes)
What does mutation create? (new alleles)
What does genetic drift cause? (reduced genetic variability)
What does “q” in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium represent? (frequency of recessive alleles)
What does 2pq in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium represent? (frequency of heterozygous
individuals)
Chapter 24
 What does Biological species concept state? (a species is a group of populations whose
members are capable of interbreeding)
 What does Phylogenetic species concept state? (a species is the smallest group of individuals
that share a common ancestor)
 What do prezygotic barriers prevent? (keep members of different species from trying to mate)
 What do postzygotic barriers prevent? (the zygote from developing into a viable, fertile
offspring)
 What is allopatric speciation? (biologically related species are physically separated and become
“new” species)
 What is a hybrid zone? (a region where members of different species can meet and mate)
Chapter 12, 2
 During what stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place? (S, synthesis)
 Where do microtubules originate from in mitosis? (centrosomes)
 What is a kinetochore? (structure on chromosomes where spindle fibers attach to pull
chromosomes apart)
 What is cytokinesis? (separation of cytoplasm; physical splitting of cell after mitosis)
 What happens during the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle? (growth!)
 What is a centromere? (middle part of chromosome where sister chromatids meet)
Chapter 13, 2
 How many autosomes are found in a gamete? (22)
 What is synapsis? (pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis)
 What is a chiasmata? (junction where chromosomes meet and exchange pieces during crossing
over)
 What human cells are diploid? (somatic)
 What is one way of increasing genetic variation in sexually-reproducing plants and animals?
(crossing over, random fertilization, independent assortment)
 How does independent assortment of chromosomes occur? (homologous chromosomes line up
randomly and independently at the metaphase plate during meiosis I)
Chapter 14, 2
 Describe incomplete dominance. (neither parent genotype is completely dominant, so they mix)
 What is the purpose of a testcross? (to determine the genotype of a heterozygous individual)
 What phenotypic ratio would you get by crossing a homozygous dominant and homozygous
recessive flower? (all 4 would look like homozygous dominant parent)
 What phenotypic ratio would you get by crossing the F1 generation that was created from
mating 2 true-breeding parents? (3:1)
 How many traits are examined in a monohybrid cross? (1)
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How many characters are examined in a dihybrid cross? (4)
Chapter 15, 2
 Where are linked genes found? (on the same chromosome)
 What are wild type phenotypes? (the normal type)
 What is aneuploidy? (abnormal chromosome number)
 What is polyploidy? (abnormal number of chromosome sets)
 Why do men inherit sex-linked disorders more often than women? (receive X from mother, if
the X has a disorder allele on it, they will get the disorder)
 How can aneuploidy be written formulaically? (2n+1 or 2n-1)
Chapter 22, 2
 What is microevolution? (small scale changes in allele frequencies)
 What is the smallest unit that can evolve? (population)
 What was Lyell and Hutton’s theory about evolution? (uniformitarianism)
 What was Cuvier’s theory about evolution? (catastrophism)
 What was the name of Darwin’s book about evolution? (On the Origin of Species)
 What is artificial selection? (choosing which traits to mate)
Chapter 23, 2
 What is relative fitness? (the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next
generation relative to other individuals)
 What is most important in producing genetic differences to make adaptations possible? (sexual
recombination)
 What causes allele frequencies to fluctuate unpredictably from one generation to the next in
small populations? (genetic drift)
 What are some of the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (extremely small pop. size,
no migration in or out)
 What is the founder effect? (loss of genetic variation when a new population is founded by a
few members of a species)
 What is the bottleneck effect? (a large number of individuals from a species are killed off or
prevented from reproducing)
Chapter 24, 2
 What are some examples of prezygotic barriers? (habitat isolation, temporal isolation,
behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation)
 What are some postzygotic barriers? (reduced hybrid viability, reduced hybrid fertility, hybrid
breakdown)
 What needs to be established for allopatric speciation to occur? (geographic isolation)
 What does the punctuated equilibrium model suggest? (new species go away and come about
suddenly)
 What does reinforcement in a hybrid zone do? (natural selection strengthens prezygotic barriers
to reproduction so that hybrid offspring are no longer created)
 What does fusion in a hybrid zone do? (barriers to reproduction are weak, and so members
mate frequently and gene pools become increasingly alike)