Download Study Guide 1st Semester

Chemistry
First Semester Final Exam Study Guide
1. What is the Kelvin temperature of 65 C? What is the Celsius temperature of 125K?
2. What is a significant digit? What is the rule for addition/subtraction? What is the rule for
multiplication/division?
3. What is the correct significant digit answer for the following problems?
a) 2.35kg + 1.4kg
b) (4.67)(2.56)
c) 675/8
d) (2.4x1019)(9.99x1012)
4.
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10.
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20.
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25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
What is an element?
What is a compound?
What is an atom?
What is a mixture?
What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures?
What is special about a pure substance?
What is the difference between a molecule and a formula unit?
What type of matter has a fixed shape and volume?
What type of matter has a fixed volume but changeable shape?
What type of matter has neither a fixed volume nor a fixed shape?
What is density?
What is the density of a block of material where the mass is 4.50g and the volume is 90.0mL?
What is the mass of a block of material with a density of 3.00g/mL and a volume of 2.00mL?
What is the volume of a sample with a density of 1.5g/mL and a mass of 4.50g?
How do the motion of solid, liquid and gas particles compare?
What is the Law of Conservation of Matter?
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
What are the three subatomic particles?
What is the atomic number?
What is the atomic mass?
How do the electrons and protons compare in an atom?
How do the electrons and protons compare in an ion?
What is an isotope?
Why are atomic masses on the periodic table decimal numbers rather than whole numbers?
How many neutrons are in an atom with an atomic mass of 64 and an atomic number of 29?
What would the atomic symbol look like for the following atoms?
a) 20 protons, 22 neutrons, 20 electrons
b) 33 protons, 42 neutrons, 36 electrons
c) 47 protons, 60 neutrons, 47 electrons
d) 38 protons, 51 neutrons, 36 electrons
30. Which atoms are indicated by the following electron configurations?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
1s22s22p63s23p2
1s22s22p63s23p64s2
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p5
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p5
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f8
g) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f145d106p4
31. What is a valence electron?
32. Where are the alkali metal elements found? How do their electron configurations end? What are
some typical behaviors of alkali metals?
33. Where are the alkaline earth metals found? How do their electron configurations end? What are
some typical behaviors of alkaline earth metals?
34. What is a transition metal? Where are they found? How do their electron configurations end?
35. What is a halogen? Where are they found? How do their electron configurations end? What are
some typical behaviors of halogens?
36. What is a noble gas? Where are they found? How do their electron configurations end? What are
the typical behaviors of noble gases?
37. What is the electron configuration for the following elements? (short hand or long hand is fine)?
a) Gallium
d) Magnesium
b) Zirconium
e) Iodine
c) Californium
f) Copper
38. What did Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, and Schrodinger have to say about the structure of
the atoms (description and drawing would be best) and what observations led them to describe
atoms the way they did? What were their respective models of the atom as a result?
39. What is the difference between an electron in the ground state and excited state? What does this
have to do with atomic emission spectra?
40. What are the three forms of radioactive decay?
41. What are the decay equations for the following processes?
a) Alpha decay of Bismuth-214
b) Alpha decay of Dysprosium-164
c) Beta decay of Seaborgium-270
d) Beta decay of Radium-227
42. What is fission? What is fusion?
43. What is the strong nuclear force? Why is it important?
44. Why are atoms not always stable? What number of valence electrons do they try to obtain? Why
does this change make them more stable?
45. What do elements in the same group/family of the periodic table have in common?
46. What do elements in the same period of the periodic table have in common?
47. What is a periodic trend?
48. What is ionization energy? Where are the lowest ionization energies typically found?
49. What is electronegativity?
50. What is the trend for atomic radius, both vertically and horizontally?
51. Where is the most reactive non-metal found? How does this relate to atomic radius?
52. Where is the most reactive metal found? How does this relate to ionization energy?
53. Where are the following chemical families found on the periodic table?
a) Noble gases
d) Transition Metals
b) Alkaline Earth Metals
e) Alkali Metals
c) Halogens
54. What happens to metal atoms when they form ions?
55. What happens to non-metal atoms when they form ions?
56. What happens to electrons when they are involved in an ionic bond? How is a covalent bond
different?
57. What is a formula unit and how does it compare to a molecule?
58. What are some physical properties of ionic compounds?
59. What is the criss-cross rule?
60. What does a roman numeral in a compound name indicate?
61. Why do molecular/covalent compounds need prefixes in the name but ionic compounds do not?
62. What is the role of electronegativity in predicting bond type?
63. What are the chemical names for the following compounds?
a) Li2S
d) Ca(NO3)2
b) Co3N2
e) P2O5
c) SCl3
f) N2O
64. What are the chemical formulas for the following compounds?
a) Manganese (I) oxide
d) Ammonium carbonate
b) Carbon tetrachloride
e) Diphosphorus tetrafluoride
c) Calcium bromide
f) Trisilicon octachloride
65. What is a mole? How is it related to Avogadro’s number?
66. How many moles is represented by 4.5x1019 atoms of titanium?
67. How many molecules are in 3.56 moles of carbon dioxide?
68. What is molar mass? How is molar mass related to atomic mass? What is formula mass?
69. What is the molar mass of Cu2SO4?
70. How many grams are found in 9.4 moles of gold?
71. How many moles is represented by 125.6 grams of lead?
72. What is the mass of 1.95x1026 formula units of sodium chloride, NaCl?
73. How many molecules would be found in 67.4 grams of CO2?
74. What is the scientific basis for balancing equations?
75. What are the five common varieties of chemical equation and how are they recognized?
76. What are the balanced coefficients of the following reactions?
a) Ca + LiOH  Li + Ca(OH)2
d) CuCO3  CuO + CO2
b) C2H6 + O2  CO2 + H2O
e) Fe + O2  Fe2O3
c) Al2O3 + NaOH  Na2O + Al (OH)3
77. What reaction types are depicted by a-e in number 76 above?
78. What differentiates a scientific theory from a hypothesis?
79. What differentiates a scientific law from a scientific theory?
80. What is absolute zero? What is the value for absolute zero on the Kelvin and Celsius temperature
scales?