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Transcript
Six Kingdoms of Living Things: Notes Kingdom is the highest rank used in the biological taxonomy of all organisms. There are 6 kingdoms in taxonomy. Every living thing comes under one of these 6 kingdoms. The six kingdoms are Eubacteria, Archae, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. History Until the 20th century, most biologists considered all living things to be classifiable as either a plant or an animal. But in the 1950s and 1960s, most biologists came to the realization that this system failed to accommodate the fungi, protists, and bacteria. By the 1970s, a system of Five Kingdoms had come to be accepted as the model by which all living things could be classified. At a more fundamental level, a distinction was made between the prokaryotic bacteria and the four eukaryotic kingdoms (plants, animals, fungi, & protists). The distinction recognizes the common traits that eukaryotic organisms share, such as nuclei, cytoskeletons, and internal membranes. Although many books and articles still refer to them as "Archaebacteria", that term has been abandoned because they aren't bacteria -- they're Archaea. http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/living_kingdom_classifications.htm Retrieved 4/30/14 Description Archea Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Extreme salty water, sewer, acid, thermal Microspcopic 3.5 billion years old No oxygen Live Everywhere, EXCEPT extreme environments, including on you. Harmful and beneficial Odds and ends kingdom members are different Fungi 'eat' by releasing enzymes to break down nutrients then absorb. Fungi always live in and on their food. Photosynthesis 12 major groups or Phyla Classified by tissue, seed and stature Oxygen Grow Reproduce Over 2 mill species Ability to make food Number of cells Examples Decomposers: Get energy from other organisms Autotrophs: Make own food from chemicals Autotrophs Some photosynthetic: Some absorb food Decomposers Unicellular Prokaryotes (simple cells no nucleus) Methanogens: Create methane Halophiles: High Salt Thermophiles: Heat Unicellular Prokaryotes (simple cells no nucleus) E Coli Salmonella Some autotrophic Some heterotrophic Some animal like, plant-like, fungi like. Unicellular and Multi cellular All Eukaryote (Complex with nucleus and organelles) Unicellular (yeast only) Rest are multicellular Paramecium Absorptive heterotrophs All Eukaryote Algae Kelp Mushrooms Mold Yeast Mildew Multicellular consists Autotrophs of complex cells. Producer Plants are autotrophs Eukaryote Make their own food Eelgrass All Heterotrophs Consumers: Herbivores, omnivores and carnivores Seal otter Chinook salmon Geoduck Bald Eagle Multicellular Eukaryote Animalia All animals are multicellular and Eukaryotes All animals are consumers Classification Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata) Invertebrate No Backbone 32 Phylum Description Example Aquatic One opening for anus and mouth No brain or heart Sea anemones Coral Jellyfish Phylum Annelida Aquatic and terrestrial Segemented worms Earthworm Leech Earthworm Phylum Arthropoda Diverse Exoskeleton Segmented body JointedAppendages Centipedes, Spiders, Scorpions, Insects and Crustaceans. Soft body Most hard shell No legs Tentacles Endoskeleton No blood! Tiny feet all over Squids Octopus Snails Slug Starfish No organs Simplest animal Sponges Phylum Mollusca Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Porifera Classification Class Amphibia Class Aves Class Osteichthyes Class Reptilia Class Mammalia Vertebrate Backbone Phylum: Chordata Description Example Water/land Cold-blooded (ecto) Metamorphosis Breathes thru skin Feathers, wings hollow bones, eggs Frogs Salamanders newts Bony Fish 96% Gills Cold Blooded (ecto) Cold-blooded (ecto) Scales Lungs for breathing Salmon Shark Trout Warm-blooded (endo) Milk Hair Seal harbor Human Bear Owl, Eagle, Osprey Turtles Lizards, snakes Crocodiles