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KINGDOM PROTISTA (Chapters 26 & 27) 1. Kingdom Protista is a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms. Protists may resemble animals, plants, or fungi depending on where they get their food energy. Species vary: unicellular to multicellular & microscopic to large. 2. Animal-like protists are called Protozoa. These species are unicellular, & heterotrophic. They feed on other organisms or dead organic matter & are found in fresh & salt water, moist soil, & as disease-causing parasites in animals. a) ameoba (Phylum Rhizopoda) - move & capture food by extending their cell membrane to form pseudopodia - enzymes in food vacuoles digest food - contractile vacuoles collect & expel water - binary fission b) ciliate (Phylum Ciliophora) - short, hair-like extensions cover surface binary fission or conjugation (paramecium) c) flagellate (Phylum Zoomastigina) - 1 or more long extensions called flagella whip from side to side (African Sleeping Sickness/termite mutualism) all d) sporozoa (Phylum Sporozoa) - produce reproductive cells called spores species are internal parasites in blood or intestines of animals. (malaria) 3. Plant-like protists are the autotrophic algae. Their pigments produce color variety. (red, green, gold, blue, purple, & brown) May be unicellular or multicellular. Floating on or near the surfaces of oceans, ponds, & lakes, they are known as phytoplankton. They are the basis of aquatic food chains & produce most of Earth’s oxygen. 4. Algae species include: a) diatoms (Phylum Bacillariophyta) - covered with hard silica shells that can be harvested from the ocean floor & used in water filters, abrasives, sparkle in road paint & nail polish b) dinoflagellates (Phylum Dinoflagellata) - thick plates of cellulose form cell walls into many shapes - flagella create a slow spinning movement - some species are bioluminescent & toxic species include red tide c) red algae (Phylum Rhodophyta) & brown algae (Phylum Phaeophyta) multicellular seaweeds lack true roots, stems, & leaves d) green algae (Phylum Chlorophyta) - 7000+ diverse species - can be unicellular (Chlamydomonas), colonial (Volvox), or multicellular (Spirogyra) 5. Slime molds, water molds, & downy mildews are fungus-like protists. Some species are unicellular & others multicellular. As heterotrophic decomposers. they secrete enzymes onto food source to predigest it before absorption. (damp places rich in nutrients (rotting logs, moist soil, water, & animal feces)