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4/21/2012 KINGDOM FUNGI CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL FUNGI PHYLUM CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA Allomyces: Chytrids PHYLUM ZYGOMYCOTA PHYLUM ASCOMYCOTA Rhizopus: Zygomycete PHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTA BASIDIOMYCETES HYMENOMYCETES GASTEROMYCETES TELIOMYCETES USTOMYCETES Mycology- study of fungi • • • • • MORE THAN 70,000 SPECIES HETEROTROPHIC THALLUS (LACK VASCULATURE) PLANT THEY LIVE EVERYWHERE! LIKE PLANTS: SESSILE NATURE MITOSIS/MEIOSIS- NUCLEAR MEMBRANE STAYS INTACT ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE MAINLY BY SPORES PRINCIPLE DECOMPOSERS NECESSARY FOR CONTINUED LIFE COMPOSITION: HYPHAE (ASEPTATE/SEPTATE) MYCELIUM Yeast: Ascomycete Shelf fungi: Basidiomycete CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA: CHYTRIDS ROUGHLY 790 SPECIES CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA: CHYTRIDS MOSTLY AQUATIC AND COENOCYTIC BELIEVED TO HAVE EVOLVED FROM PROTISTS ONLY PHYLUM WITH FAGELLATED-SPORES AND CENTRIOLES ALTERATION OF GENERATIONS: SPORIC MEIOSIS Allomycetes- Anisogamy gametangia Synchytriun endobioticum: Black wart of potatoes ZYGOMYCOTA • • • • MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO ANIMALS THAN PLANTS • CELL WALL: CHITIN • STORAGE MOLECULE: GLYCOGEN Amanita Muscaria ROUGHLY 1,060 SPECIES MOST SAPROPHYTIC, CAN BE PARASITIC FORM SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS WITH PLANTS RHIZOPUS AND CHOANEPHORA ARE DIFFERENT GENERA OF ZYGOMYCETES THAT CAUSE DISEASE IN LIVING PLANT TISSUE. Rhizopus Stolonifer choanephora cucurbitarum Zygomycota 4/21/2012 ASCOMYCO TA ASCOMYCOTA • • • • • • ROUGHLY 33,000 SPECIES MANY PLANT PATHOGENS MANY YEASTS MOST OF THE LICHEN-FORMING FUNGAL SPECIES BELONG HERE EITHER UNICELLULAR OR FILAMENTOUS GROWTH FORMS SOME ARE HOMOTHALLIC AND OTHERS ARE HETEROTHALLIC Caloplaca saxicola: lichens Tuber melanoeporum: Truffles BASIDIOMYCOT A BASIDIOMYCOTA • PHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTA: 3 DIVISIONS • BASIDIOMYCETES HYMENOMYCETES- SPORES PRODUCED ON SPECIAL VISIBLE HYMENIUM STRUCTURE GASTEROMYCETES- HYMENIUM IS ENCLOSED UNTIL AFTER SPORES HAVE MATURED Gastromycete: Crucibulum laeve Hymenomytes:Agaricus bisporus BASIDIOMYCOT A TELIOMYCETES: PLANTS PATHOGENS THAT FORM RUST ON LEAVES • USTOMYCETES: PARASITES OF FLOWERING PLANTS • Ustomycetes: Ustilago maydis, Corn smut Teliomycetes: Puccinia graminis, Wheat rust FUNGI FACTS •TOLYCLADIUM INFLATUM- CYCLOPORIN PRODUCTION PREVENTS REJECTION OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTS • MANY IMPORTANT SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS LIKE THE FUNGUS “GARDENS” FOR ANTS •ANTIBIOTICS- PENICILLIN Bioluminescent Fungi: Neonothopanus gardneri •MICORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS •FOOD: WINE AND BEER CHEESE • Cultivated Mushroom Agaricus sp. BIOLUMINESCENT FUNGI NATIVE TO BRAZIL CHERNOBYL FUNGI GROWTH WITH THE PRODUCTION MELANIN Chernobyl Fungus Feeds On Radiation