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Classification
Why Classify
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Show relationships between organisms
Based on similarities
Is a man-made system
First systems
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Aristotle developed one of the first
Had 2 kingdoms
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Plants
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Green, no movement
Trees, shrubs, herbs (size and structure)
Animals
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Not green, moves
Land, air, water (habitats)
Carolus Linnaeus
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Father of Modern Taxonomy
Selected physical traits that show natural
relationships
Invented binomial nomenclature
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Two word name (scientific name)
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Required to be in Latin
Composed of the genus and species
Grizzly bear  Ursus arctos
Developed modern system of classification
Modern Classification system
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Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Example: Grizzly Bear
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Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Ursus
Species: Ursus arctos
5 major kingdoms
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Plants
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Animals
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Heterotrophs, feed on dead/decaying matter, secrete enzymes to
aid in digestion ( mushrooms/yeast)
Protists
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Multicellular, heterotrophic, no cell walls, motile, very diverse
Fungi
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Multicellular, photosynthetic autotrophs, nonmotile, have cell walls
Eukaryotic, do not fit into other kingdoms, have the greatest variety
of organisms, share some traits with other kingdoms
Bacteria
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Eubacteria or archaebacteria
Three Domain System
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Larger grouping than a kingdom
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archea
Domain Eukarya
Domain Bacteria
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Unicellular, prokaryotic
Thick, rigid cell walls
Range from free-living soil organisms to
deadly parasites
Some need oxygen, others killed by oxygen
Domain Archae
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Unicellular, prokaryotic
Live in very extreme conditions
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Volcanic hot springs
Brine pools
Organic mud – derived of oxygen
**many survive only in the absence of oxygen
Domain Eukarya
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All organisms that have a nucleus
Contains the kingdoms:
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Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia