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Chapter 1: A View of Life
Characteristics of Life

Living Things are
organized

Small molecules form
larger molecule within
a cell

Some organisms are
unicellular

Plants and animals
are multicellular
In multi cellular organisms




Cells combine to form
tissues
Tissues combine to
form organs
Organs combine to
form organ systems
Organ systems make
the organism
Living Things Acquire Materials and
Energy


Energy is the ability to
do the work it takes to
maintain life
Metabolism is all the
chemical reactions
that occur in a cell
Living Things Acquire Materials and
Energy Continued

Ultimate source of
energy is the sun


Plants, bacteria, and
algae can convert light
energy into chemical
energy through
photosynthesis
For metabolic processes
to continue, there must
be a stable tempeature,
moisture level, pH, and
other factors

This is called homeostasis
Living Things Respond

Organisms respond to
their environment

This is called behavior
Living Things Reproduce and
Develop

All organisms can
reproduce, or make
more organisms like
itself

Can be asexual or
sexual
Living Things Have Adaptations

Adaptations are
modifications that
makes an organisms
suited for its way of
life
Evolution: A Core Concept in
Biology
Diversity of Life

Categories of
classification

From most specific to
least specific

Species, Genus,
Family, Order, Class,
Phylum, Kingdom,
Domain
Scientific Naming


Species are described using
the genus and species
The genus is capitalized and
the species is lower-case,
the whole name is italicized


Homo sapiens
Occasionally, the genus will
be abbreviated with the first
letter and a period if the
genus is considered obvious

T. rex
Domains

Bacteria, Archaea,
Eukarya


Bacteria and Archaea
are prokaryotes
Kingdoms

In Eukarya there are
four Kingdoms

Animalia, Protista,
Fungi, Plantae
Science: A Way of Knowing
Observation


First step of the
scientific method
Collected with the
senses
Hypothesis


Arrived at through
inductive reasoning
by looking at a
phenomena at
explaining it using all
the information
avaiable
Must be testable
Experiment/Further Observation

What is an experiment


Designed test of a
hypothesis
Experimental design is
important to make sure
only one variable is
being tested

This can be
accomplished by
having an
experimental group
and a control group.
Experiment/Further Observation
Continued

Models can be used
to represent complex
systems in a way that
is easy to
comprehend

Global climate is often
model to bring it to a
reasonable level
Data

Data are the result of
an experiment

Can be qualitative or
quantitative

Quantitative is usually
preferred because it
can be compared
Conclusion



Derived from the data
States whether a
hypothesis is
supported or not
Experiments can
never prove anything,
but can only disprove
the null hypothesis
Scientific Theory

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Accepted
explanations for
observed phenomena

Based on several
experiments

“Best explanation so
far”
If theory becomes
accepted for a very
long period of time it
can become a
principle or law
Science and Bioethical Issues

Biodiversity


Maintaining
biodiversity is
important for
ecosystems
Extinction

Species going extinct
is a concern