Download Chapter 12/17 review

Chapter 12/17 review
12.3:
12.4:
Hadean Eon: Extremely hot conditions where the Earth
was frequently hit with asteroids and meteorites.
Cyanobacteria are anaerobic prokaryotes, thought to be
the first organisms on Earth, and they added oxygen to
the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis.
Earth is 4.6 billion years old
Miller Urey Experiment dealt with the Organic molecule
hypothesis, where organic molecules came from
inorganic molecules.
Iron-sulfide bubbles hypothesis: chimney like structures
formed at the bottom of the ocean in the hydrothermal
vents and are thought to be the first cells
Lipid membrane hypothesis: lipids when put in water
form a boundary between organic material and the
environment. Thought to be the original cell membrane.
RNA hypothesis: RNA was the first genetic material
because it could self-replicate
17.1:
Taxon: group of organisms in an organization system
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Endosymbiosis: where one organism lives inside another
and they both benefit. This is thought to have created
the mitochondria and chloroplast.
Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are exactly
the same as the parent.
Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation.
12.6:
Primates: have flexible hands and feet, large brains in
relation to body size, forward-looking eyes.
Hominids: are humans and their ancestors. Human
evolution shows the increase in the brain relative to the
body size. Humans came about 200,000 years ago.
Neanderthals had the largest brains but were not able to
adapt as well as humans.
Binomial nomenclature: Genus species
Hominoids: includes all human like organisms (great
apes)
Limitations: Classification is only based on physical
characteristics not molecular DNA.
Bipedal allows you to have use of your hands during
walking.
17.2:
17.4:
Cladistics: shows the order in which organisms
descended from a common ancestor.
Cladogram: diagram that shows phylogeny. Derived
characteristic is a trait that can be used to figure out
evolutionary relationships. Node shows the most recent
common ancestor for a clade.
Kingdom Monera was split into Bacteria (normal
conditions) and Archaea (severe conditions)
Three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Kingdoms: Bacteria, Arhcaea, Protista, Plantae, Animalia,
Fungi