* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Ch. 6 notes
Bell's theorem wikipedia , lookup
Path integral formulation wikipedia , lookup
Orchestrated objective reduction wikipedia , lookup
Renormalization group wikipedia , lookup
Quantum machine learning wikipedia , lookup
Quantum group wikipedia , lookup
Coherent states wikipedia , lookup
Quantum teleportation wikipedia , lookup
Renormalization wikipedia , lookup
Quantum key distribution wikipedia , lookup
X-ray fluorescence wikipedia , lookup
Interpretations of quantum mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Copenhagen interpretation wikipedia , lookup
Quantum state wikipedia , lookup
History of quantum field theory wikipedia , lookup
Double-slit experiment wikipedia , lookup
Canonical quantization wikipedia , lookup
Tight binding wikipedia , lookup
Symmetry in quantum mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Quantum electrodynamics wikipedia , lookup
Particle in a box wikipedia , lookup
EPR paradox wikipedia , lookup
Bohr–Einstein debates wikipedia , lookup
Electron scattering wikipedia , lookup
Relativistic quantum mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Hidden variable theory wikipedia , lookup
Matter wave wikipedia , lookup
Atomic orbital wikipedia , lookup
Wave–particle duality wikipedia , lookup
Theoretical and experimental justification for the Schrödinger equation wikipedia , lookup
Electron configuration wikipedia , lookup
AP Chemistry: Chapter 6 Student Notes—Atomic Theory Objectives 6.1: Electromagnetic Radiation 6.2: Quantized Energy & Photons 6.3: Line Spectra & Bohr Model 6.4: Nature of Matter 6.5-6.7: Quantum Mechanics 6.8-6.9: Electron Configurations & Periodic Table Relationships 6.1: Electromagnetic Radiation Light travels as a wave. Parts of a wave Wavelength Frequency Velocity Amplitude 6.2: Quantized Energy & Photons How does matter behave? It acts like a _________________ But…. Enter Max Planck (1858-1947) E=hν Energy is _____________ What does this mean? Energy comes in small quantities called _______________ So what about light? Light travels as a ___________________ and as a ________________ A particle of light is called a ____________________ Does light have mass? E mc 2 hc 6.3: Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen & Bohr Model How does a spectrum work? HYDROGEN Why does this crazy thing happen? Niels Bohr (1885-1962) He came up with the equation: E (2.178x10 18 Z2 J ) 2 n Example 1 Calculate the energy required to excite the hydrogen electron from level n=1 to level n=2. Also calculate the wavelength of light that must be absorbed by a hydrogen atom in its ground state to reach this excited state. The Bohr model works great for hydrogen but there’s a problem with multi-electron atoms: 6.5-6.7: Quantum Mechanics Developed by Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976), Louis De Broglie (1892-1987), Erwin Schrodinger (1887-1961) This answers the question: Where is the _____________ in the atom? The answer is complex. We can’t say exactly where the atom is. We can only say where we think it _________ be. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle: Schrodinger made an equation from the hydrogen data: His answers were ___________. Not lines. Those shapes were ________________ distributions. Those shapes can be drawn in 3 dimensions: Shapes come from a mathematical equation that has variables called quantum numbers. name symbol orbital meaning range of values value example principle quantum number shell azimuthal quantum number (angular momentum) subshell for : magnetic quantum number, (projection of angular momentum) energy shift for : spin projection quantum number spin for an electron, either: Quantum Number Practice SKIP THIS PART OF THE VIDEO!!! 6.8-6.9: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table Aufbau Principle: Pauli Exclusion Principle: Hund’s Rule: Read the periodic table like a book Practice: Write electron configurations of several elements Exceptional Electron Configurations (Those that don’t fit the pattern—exceptions) Chromium Family Copper Family Why? Stable Orbitals Full Orbitals are the ____________ stable ½ full orbitals are also ____________