Download B3 6 mark questions

Name: _______________________________________________
B3 6 Mark Questions
Date:
Time:
Total marks available:
Total marks achieved: ______
Questions
Q1.
* Explain the role of ADH in regulating the water content of the blood.
(6)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Q2.
* Cells containing the toxin gene produce a chemical that kills insects.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of introducing the toxin gene into crop plants.
(6)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q3.
* Describe how Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be used to create transgenic plants.
(6)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
Q4.
* Animals communicate in order to survive and during courtship.
Explain why animals use a variety of signals to communicate.
Use examples to support your answer.
(6)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
Q5.
Flatworms are animals that live in freshwater streams.
20 flatworms were placed in the centre of a tray containing water.
The tray had black and white squares painted on the bottom.
The diagram shows the position of the flatworms one hour later.
(a) (i) Calculate the percentage of flatworms found on the black squares.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .%
(ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
The type of behaviour shown by the flatworms is
(1)
A conditioning
B habituation
C imprinting
D innate
(iii) Suggest why this behaviour may help flatworms survive in the streams where they live.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
*(b) Animals communicate in order to survive and during courtship.
Explain why animals use a variety of signals to communicate.
Use examples to support your answer.
(6)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(Total for Question = 12 marks)
Q6.
* Many fossils of early humans have been discovered in Africa, including Lucy from 3.2 million years ago.
Leakey found many early human fossils in Africa from 1.6 million years ago.
Describe how Leakey used the fossils and surrounding environment to reach the conclusion that his
fossils were from a species more recent than Lucy.
(6)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q7.
* Robert Koch knew about the work of Edward Jenner (1745–1823) and Louis Pasteur (1822–1895).
Describe the work of Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur.
(6)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q8.
(a) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
Sperm cells and egg cells contain sex chromosomes.
Egg cells contain
(1)
A one X chromosome
B one Y chromosome
C two X chromosomes
D two Y chromosomes
(b) (i) Complete the Punnett square to show how the sex of a child is inherited.
(2)
(ii) Calculate the percentage chance that a child will be female.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
*(c) The diagram shows the level of two hormones involved in the menstrual cycle and the thickness of
the uterus lining.
Using the information in the diagram and your own knowledge, describe the stages of the menstrual
cycle.
(6)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(d) Explain what happens to the uterus lining if a woman becomes pregnant.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(Total for Question = 12 marks)
Q9.
Enzyme technology
The diagram shows how the human insulin gene can be used to genetically modify bacteria.
(a) (i) Name the enzyme used to join the insulin gene to the plasmid.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Suggest why the same restriction enzyme was used to cut the human chromosome and the
plasmid.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
*(b) Enzyme technology can be used in the production of foods including sweets, vegetarian cheese and
lactose-free milk.
Describe how enzyme technology can be used to produce these food products.
(6)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(c) Washing powders can be biological or non-biological.
Describe how biological washing powders can make clothes cleaner than nonbiological washing
powders.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 11 marks)
Q10.
* Yogurt can be produced by adding a starter culture of microorganisms to milk.
The starter culture was added to milk kept at 20°C.
The pH was recorded over 10 hours.
This was repeated with milk kept at 40°C and 60°C.
The graph shows the results.
Using the information in the graph, explain how temperature affects the fermentation process during
yogurt production.
(6)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Q11.
* Fermenters are used to grow microorganisms.
Explain how optimum conditions for the growth of microorganisms are controlled in a fermenter.
(6)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
Q12.
(a) Purple tomatoes are transgenic plants that have been produced by genetic engineering.
(i) As a result of genetic modification, these tomatoes produce a new substance which has health
benefits and turns
the tomatoes purple.
Name this substance.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(ii) What is inserted into the DNA of another plant to make it transgenic?
Put a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A a gene from another species
B a gene from the same species
C chromosomes from the same species
D proteins from another species
*(b) Describe how Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be used to create transgenic plants.
(6)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(c) Bacillus thuringiensis contains a gene that codes for a toxin.
Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of introducing this gene into crop plants.
(4)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(Total for Question = 12 marks)
Q13.
* Explain how the development of new plant varieties, the genetic modification of plants and the
successful management of pests can be used to increase food production.
(6)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Q14.
Human evolution
(a) The diagram shows the estimated time when early humans and their ancestors existed.
(i) In which time period did Australopithecus afarensis exist?
Place a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A
present day to 1 million years before present
B
1 to 2 million years before present
C
2 to 3 million years before present
D
3 to 4 million years before present
The photograph shows the skulls of two different early humans.
(ii) Suggest why the cranium of Australopithecus afarensis is smaller than the cranium of Homo
erectus.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Describe one structural difference in another part of these skulls.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(b) The photograph shows some stone tools from different times in the Earth's history.
Suggest why there are differences in these stone tools.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
*(c) Describe the evidence for human evolution, based on fossils.
Include reference to specific early human fossils in your answer.
(6)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 11 marks)
Q15.
The diagram shows a nephron from a human kidney.
(i) Name the parts labelled P, Q and R.
(3)
P ..........................................................................................................................................
Q ..........................................................................................................................................
R ..........................................................................................................................................
*(ii) Explain how the structures that make up the nephron are related to its function.
(6)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 9 marks)
Q16.
Kidneys and disease
Kidney disease can be treated by kidney dialysis or kidney donation.
The diagram shows the human urinary system.
(a) Draw one straight line from each part of the urinary system to its function.
(2)
(b) Kidney dialysis removes harmful chemicals from a patient's blood.
Urea is one chemical that is removed from a patient's blood.
Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
Urea is produced in the
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A
bladder
B
gall bladder
C
liver
D
pancreas
(c) In one year a total of 3600 kidney donations took place.
A third of kidney donations are from donors who are still living.
(i) Calculate the number of kidneys donated by donors who are still living.
(2)
...........................................................
(ii) Suggest why kidney donations from people who are still living are more common than other organ
donations.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
*(d) Haemophilia is a sex-linked genetic disorder of the blood.
The allele for haemophilia is recessive and is located on the X chromosome.
A female heterozygous for haemophilia and an unaffected male have children.
Use a genetic diagram to help explain what the genotypes and phenotypes of their children could be.
Use the letter h for the haemophilia allele.
(6)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 12 marks)
Q17.
* The diagram shows some of the stages in the production of yogurt.
Describe these stages in the production of yogurt.
In your answer include references to microorganisms.
(6)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Q18.
* The diagram shows the level of two hormones involved in the menstrual cycle and the thickness of
the uterus lining.
Using the information in the diagram and your own knowledge, describe the stages of the menstrual
cycle.
(6)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
Mark Scheme
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
QWC
*
Indicative Content
Mark
A description
including some of
the following points
genetic
modification
 transferring a
gene from one
organism to another
 restriction
enzymes to cut the
gene out
(6)
 plasmids used to
carry gene
 sticky ends to
join complementary
bases
 ligase to join the
DNAuse of
Agrobacterium
 Agrobacterium is
a vector (for the
gene)
 the
Agrobacterium has a
suitable gene added
to it
 example of a
suitable gene eg
drought resistance /
insect resistance /
larger yield / for
flavonoids
 Agrobacterium
naturally invades
plant cells
 its DNA is
incorporated into the
plant's
DNAproduction of
plants
 plant sprayed
with Agrobacterium
 crown gall
(formed)
 crown gall is cut
into small pieces
 leaf discs are
incubated with
Agrobacterium
Level
1
0
1-2
 (crown gall tissue
/ leaf discs) grown in
tissue culture
 explants
 grown into crops
No rewardable content
 a limited description of at least one of
the areas involved in creating transgenic
plants. Steps may be missing or out of
sequence.
 the answer communicates ideas using
simple language and uses limited scientific
terminology
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with limited accuracy
2
3-4
 a simple description of at least two of
the areas involved in creating transgenic
plants or a detailed description of one area
involved in creating transgenic plants
 the answer communicates ideas
showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology
appropriately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with some accuracy
3
5-6
 a detailed description of the genetic
modification, use and production of
transgenic plants. Steps should be in
sequence.
 the answer communicates ideas clearly
and coherently uses a range of scientific
terminology accurately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with few errors
Q4.
Indicative Content
QWC
Level
1
*
0
1-2
Mark
An explanation
including some of
the following points
Sound signals
 to attract a mate
 to warn about
predators
 to scare
predators away/other
animals
 to locate
young/parents
 to establish
territory
 to maintain social
groupsVisual signals
 to attract a mate
 to scare off other
animals
 to show
emotions
 feeding of
youngChemical
signals
 to attract a mate
 to scare off other
animals
(6)
 to mark territory
No rewardable content
 a limited description of at least one type
of signal OR one use of signal animals use
to communicate
 the answer communicates ideas using
simple language and uses limited scientific
terminology
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with limited accuracy
2
3-4
 a simple description of at least two types
of signals animals use to communicate OR a
detailed description of one using an example
 the answer communicates ideas
showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology
appropriately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with some accuracy
3
5-6
 a detailed description of at least two
different types of signals animals use to
communicate with examples
 the answer communicates ideas clearly
and coherently uses a range of scientific
terminology accurately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with few errors
Q5.
Answer
(a) (i)
(a)(ii)
(a) (iii)
12 (1) 12/20 (1) 60
(%)
D
innate
A suggestion
including any two
from
 flatworms are a
similar colour as
darker rocks (1)
 so are
camouflaged (1)
 less likely to be
seen (by predators)
(1)
Acceptable
answers
3 marks for correct
bald answer
Level
*(b)
0
(3)
(1)
accept less likely
to be eaten
(2)
Indicative Content
QWC
Mark
Mark
An explanation
including some of
the following points
Sound signals
 to attract a mate
 to warn about
predators
 to scare
predators away/other
animals
 to locate
young/parents
 to establish
territory
 to maintain social
groupsVisual signals
 to attract a mate
 to scare off other
animals
 to show
emotions
 feeding of
youngChemical
signals
 to attract a mate
 to scare off other
animals
(6)
 to mark territory
No rewardable content
1
1-2
 a limited description of at least one type
of signal OR one use of signal animals use
to communicate
 the answer communicates ideas using
simple language and uses limited scientific
terminology
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with limited accuracy
2
3-4
 a simple description of at least two types
of signals animals use to communicate OR a
detailed description of one using an example
 the answer communicates ideas
showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology
appropriately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with some accuracy
3
5-6
 a detailed description of at least two
different types of signals animals use to
communicate with examples
 the answer communicates ideas clearly
and coherently uses a range of scientific
terminology accurately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with few errors
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
Answer
(a)
(b)(i)
Acceptable
answers
A
one X
chromosome
correct gametes (1)
correct offspring (1)
(1)
Please note: XY or
YX are both correct.
The letters can be
written in either
order. letters can be
upper or lower case.
female offspring
must be shown as
XX and not a single
large X ecf – If the
gametes are
reversed then the
Punnett square must
be completed
correctly and show
the valid offspring
genotypes, two XX
and two XY.
(b)(ii)
QWC
50(%)
*(c)
Mark
(2)
(1)
Indicative Content
Mark
A description
including some of
the following points:
Uterus lining
 menstruation
occurs between day
1 and 5/6
 this is when the
lining of the uterus is
shed
 the lining of the
uterus is then built
back up
 at day 14
ovulation occurs
 the lining of the
uterus is
maintained/thickene
d
 to prepare for a
fertilised ovum
(6)
Level
1
0
1-2
 if the ovum is not
fertilised
 the cycle starts
againHormones
involved
 oestrogen levels
are low in the early
part of the cycle
 oestrogen levels
increase prior to
ovulation
 after ovulation
oestrogen levels
drop
 the oestrogen
levels remain higher
than before ovulation
 from day 1 – 14
progesterone levels
are low
 progesterone
levels rise after
ovulation
 hormone levels
drop if the ovum is
not fertilised
No rewardable content
 a limited description of the changes in
the lining of the uterus wall OR the hormone
levels over the 28 day period
 the answer communicates ideas using
simple language and uses limited scientific
terminology
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with limited accuracy
2
3-4
 a simple description of the changes in
the lining of the uterus wall AND a mention
of the role of least one of the hormones
 the answer communicates ideas
showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology
appropriately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with some accuracy
3
5-6
 a detailed description of the changes in
the lining of the uterus wall AND the role of
hormones related to ovulation or uterus
lining thickness
 the answer communicates ideas clearly
and coherently uses a range of scientific
terminology accurately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with few errors
Answer
(d)
An explanation
linking two of the
following
 uterus wall
maintained/thickene
d (1)
 progesterone
levels remain
high/increase(1)
Acceptable
answers
Mark
accept to provide
a place for the
fertilised
egg/embryo/fetus to
develop
(2)
Q9.
Q10.
Q11.
Indicative Content
QWC
*
Mark
An explanation
including some of
the following points:
 water (cooling)
jacket
 temperature
probe
 to maintain an
optimum
temperature
 inlet pipes for
nutrients eg
ammonia
 to supply
microorganism with
food source eg
materials to make
proteins
 oxygen pumped
in
 for aerobic
microorganisms or
aerobic respiration
 carbon dioxide
removed
 pH probe
 alkali added to
raise pH
 maintain
optimum pH
 paddles
 to evenly
distribute nutrients,
oxygen and break up
clumps of
microorganisms
Level
1
0
1-2
 aseptic
conditions
 to prevent
contamination of the
fermenter
 reduce
(6)
competition
No rewardable content
 a limited explanation which includes one
feature of a fermenter with its justification, or
two features of a fermenter or two
justifications
 the answer communicates ideas using
simple language and uses limited scientific
terminology
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with limited accuracy
2
3-4
 a simple explanation which includes at
least two features of the fermenter with
justification for their use
 the answer communicates ideas
showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology
appropriately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with some accuracy
3
5-6
 a detailed explanation which includes at
least four features of the fermenter with
justification for their use
 the answer communicates ideas clearly
and coherently uses a range of scientific
terminology accurately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with few errors
Q12.
Answer
(a) (i)
(a) (ii)
QWC
flavonoids /
bioflavonoids
Acceptable
answers
anthocyanins
antioxidants
A
a gene from
another species
*(b)
Mark
(1)
(1)
Indicative Content
Mark
A description
including some of
the following points
genetic
modification
 transferring a
gene from one
organism to another
 restriction
enzymes to cut the
gene out
 plasmids used to
carry gene
 sticky ends to
join complementary
bases
 ligase to join the
DNAuse of
Agrobacterium
 Agrobacterium is
a vector (for the
gene)
 the
Agrobacterium has a
suitable gene added
to it
 example of a
suitable gene eg
drought resistance /
insect resistance /
larger yield / for
flavonoids
 Agrobacterium
naturally invades
plant cells
 its DNA is
incorporated into the
plant's
DNAproduction of
plants
 plant sprayed
with Agrobacterium
 crown gall
(formed)
 crown gall is cut
into small pieces
(6)
 leaf discs are
incubated with
Agrobacterium
Level
1
0
1-2
 (crown gall tissue
/ leaf discs) grown in
tissue culture
 explants
 grown into crops
No rewardable content
 a limited description of at least one of
the areas involved in creating transgenic
plants. Steps may be missing or out of
sequence.
 the answer communicates ideas using
simple language and uses limited scientific
terminology
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with limited accuracy
2
3-4
 a simple description of at least two of
the areas involved in creating transgenic
plants or a detailed description of one area
involved in creating transgenic plants
 the answer communicates ideas
showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology
appropriately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with some accuracy
3
5-6
 a detailed description of the genetic
modification, use and production of
transgenic plants. Steps should be in
sequence.
 the answer communicates ideas clearly
and coherently uses a range of scientific
terminology accurately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with few errors
Answer
(c)
An explanation of
one advantage for
two marks
 crop produces a
toxin that kills insects
(that eat plant)(1)
 so less damage
by insect / increased
crop yield (1)
 less man-made
chemicals used /
specific to pests /
Acceptable
answers
accept references
to ICP accept does
not kill other insects
Mark
(4)
less pollution (1)An
explanation of one
disadvantage for two
marks
 cross pollination /
fertilisation with other
plants (species) (1)
 producing weeds
that contain the
toxin(1)
 non target
organisms may be
affected (1)OR
 idea of large
areas of
monocultures (1)
 reduction in
insect numbers /
biodiversity (1)
 negative impact
on food chains
(1)OR
 GM crops cost
more (1)
 Farmers cannot
afford them / become
reliant on them (1)
Q13.
Q14.
Q15.
Q16.
Q17.
Q18.
Indicative Content
QWC
Level
1
*
0
1-2
Mark
A description
including some of
the following points:
Uterus lining
 menstruation
occurs between day
1 and 5/6
 this is when the
lining of the uterus is
shed
 the lining of the
uterus is then built
back up
 at day 14
ovulation occurs
 the lining of the
uterus is
maintained/thickene
d
 to prepare for a
fertilised ovum
 if the ovum is not
fertilised
 the cycle starts
againHormones
involved
 oestrogen levels
are low in the early
part of the cycle
 oestrogen levels
increase prior to
ovulation
 after ovulation
oestrogen levels
drop
 the oestrogen
levels remain higher
than before ovulation
 from day 1 – 14
progesterone levels
are low
 progesterone
levels rise after
ovulation
 hormone levels
drop if the ovum is
(6)
not fertilised
No rewardable content
 a limited description of the changes in
the lining of the uterus wall OR the hormone
levels over the 28 day period
 the answer communicates ideas using
simple language and uses limited scientific
terminology
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with limited accuracy
2
3-4
 a simple description of the changes in
the lining of the uterus wall AND a mention
of the role of least one of the hormones
 the answer communicates ideas
showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology
appropriately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with some accuracy
3
5-6
 a detailed description of the changes in
the lining of the uterus wall AND the role of
hormones related to ovulation or uterus
lining thickness
 the answer communicates ideas clearly
and coherently uses a range of scientific
terminology accurately
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with few errors