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Cellular Respiration Name: ______________________________ Period: _____________ Date: _______________ 1. Define cellular respiration: ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Write the equation for Cellular Respiration: ___________________________________________________________ 3. List the three stages of cellular respiration and identify if they require oxygen. A. _________________________________________ Oxygen / No Oxygen B. _________________________________________ Oxygen / No Oxygen C. _________________________________________ Oxygen / No Oxygen Glycolysis 4. What is glycolysis? ______________________________ Draw and Label a picture of Glycolysis (p. 232) _________________________________________________ 5. How many ATPS are needed to start glycolysis? ________ 6 How many ATPS does glycolysis produce? ____________ 7. What is the net gain of ATPS from glycolysis? _________ 8. Where does glycolysis take place? _________________ 9. What does glycolysis break down? _________________ 10. What is the end product of glycolysis? ______________ 11. Where does pyruvic acid go? _____________________ 12. How many molecules of pyruvic acid were made from 1 molecule of glucose? _______________________________ 13. How many NADH are produced during glycolysis? _____ 14. Where does the NADH go to? _____________________ Fermentation 15. When oxygen is not present glycolysis is followed by __________________________________________________. 16. What is fermentation? ____________________________________________________________________________ 17. During fermentation, how do cells convert NADH to NAD+ ? ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18. Does fermentation require oxygen? ___________ 19. If a process does not require oxygen it is said to be _____________________________________ Alcoholic Fermentation 20. What type of organisms use alcoholic fermentation? ________________________________________________ 21. Write the equation for alcoholic fermentation. ________________________________________________ Lactic Acid Fermentation 22. In what type of cells does lactic acid fermentation take place? _________________________________________ 23. Write the equation for lactic acid fermentation. ________________________________________________ Draw and Label Table 9.12 (Page 235) The Krebs Cycle 24. What is required for the final steps of cellular respiration? ____________________________________ 25. Pathways that require oxygen are called what? _________________________________________ 26. When oxygen is present glycolysis is followed by ___________________________________________________ 27. What happens during the Krebs cycle? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 28. Where does the Krebs Cycle take place? ______________________________________________________________ 29. The Krebs cycle is also known as __________________________________________________________ 30. Complete the steps to the Krebs Cycle: 1. The Krebs cycle begins when ________________________ produced by glycolysis enters the _______________________________ 2. _________ carbon atom from pyruvic acid becomes part of _______________ and enters the air. 3. During this process electrons are removed , changing NAD+ to __________________ 4. The ________ other carbon atoms from pyruvic acid are joined to a compound called _________________________ to form _______________________________. 5. Acetyl-CoA (2C) then joins to a 4C molecule to produce ______________________________________. 6. Citric acid is broken down into a _______carbon compound releasing _____carbon in the form of _________ and electrons are transferred to NAD+ forming NADH. 7. This 5 carbon compound then breaks down again releasing another _______________ in the form of CO2 and more electrons are transferred to NAD+ forming NADH. 8. This 4 carbon compound is now ready to accept another _______ carbon acetyl group to start the cycle over again. 9. For each turn of this cycle 1 molecule of ADP is converted into 1 molecule of ________________________. 10. Before the cycle ends another pair of high-energy electrons are accepted by NAD+ changing it to ____________ and by FAD changing it to ____________________. 31. The energy tally from one molecule of pyruvic acid is ________ NADH, ________ FADH2, and ________ ATP. Draw and Label a picture of the Krebs Cycle (p. 227) Electron Transport Chain 32. The high energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle are passed to the _________________________________________ 33. What is the function of the electron transport chain? ___________________________________________________ 34. Where is the electron transport chain located in eukaryotes? _____________________________________________ 35. Where is the electron transport chain located in prokaryotes? ____________________________________________ 36. Complete the steps to the electron transport chain: 1. High-energy electrons from ______________ and _________________ are passed along the ________________ proteins in the electron transport chain. 2. At the end of the E.T.C. there is an enzyme that combines these electrons with _________________ ions and oxygen to form ______________________________. 3. Every time high-energy electrons transport down the E.T.C. their energy is used to pump ________________ across the membrane. 4. Hydrogen ions build up in the ____________________________ space, making it ________________ charged. 5. The Hydrogen ions then escape through the protein _______________________ found in the inner membranes of the mitochondria. 6. As the hydrogen ions escape ATP synthase begins to ________________________________. 7. As ATP synthase spins, the enzyme grabs an _____________ and attaches a _________________________ to form __________________. 37. What is the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain? _____________________________________ Draw and Label a picture of the Electron Transport Chain (p. 228) Totals Draw and Label a Picture Showing the Total Number of ATP Formed During Cellular Respiration (p. 229)