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Transcript
CH. 16 STUDY GUIDE : DNA STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION KEY TERMS James D. Watson Francis H.C. Crick DNA RNA transformation bacteriophage purine adenine guanine pyrimidine thymine cytosine nucleotide structure sugar nitrogenous base phosphate carbons 1'-5' hydrogen bonds double helix antiparallel strands semiconservative replication helicases topoisomerases RNA primer primase DNA polymerase leading strand lagging strand Okazaki fragments DNA ligase proofreading excision repair WORD ROOTS helic - = a spiral (helicase: an enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks) liga - = bound or tied (DNA ligase: a linking enzyme for DNA replication) -phage = to eat (bacteriophages: viruses that infect bacteria) semi - = half (semiconservative model: type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one newly made strand) telos - = an end (telomere: the protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome) trans - = across (transformation: a phenomenon in which external DNA is assimilated by a cell) 1 QUESTIONS 1. Draw a nucleotide, point out the phosphate, sugar and the base. Indicate whether the base is a purine of pyrimidine and whether the nucleotide is from DNA or RNA. 2. Name the four nitrogenous found in DNA, and indicate which are the purines and pyrimidines (Hint: Look for the terms with”y” in them.). 3. Draw a diagram of DNA, point out the 5' and 3' ends of each chain. Also point out an individual nucleotide, and its three components. Indicate how many hydrogen bonds there are in a C-G pair and an A-T pair. 4. Given a sequence of bases in one strand of DNA, (atcgaacgt) give the sequence in the complimentary strand. 5. Explain how the Watson-Crick model accounts for the precise replication of DNA. 6. Describe how repair enzymes act to correct mutations and errors that occur during replication. 2