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Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy: A. Anatomy deals with the __________ of the body and its parts. Physiology: B. Physiology studies the __________ of these parts. Levels of Organization: Fill in the blanks and define each level. Atom ________ ________ Organelle ______ _______ Organs ______________ Organism Characteristics of Life: ______________ is the sum total of all the chemical reactions in the body that break down and build up substances. 1._________________ 2._________________ 3._________________ 4._________________ 5._________________ 6._________________ 7._________________ 8._________________ 9._________________ 10.________________ 1 Maintenance of Life AKA ‘Staying Alive’… channel your inner John Travolta;) A. Five Major Requirements of Organisms 1. Life depends on the availability of the following: 2. B. ______________ Foods ______________ ______________ ______________ Both the __________ and ___________ of these factors are important. Maintenance of a stable internal environment is called _______________. ____________ provide info about stimuli/conditions in the internal environment A ________________ tells what that that particular value should be _____________ cause responses that alter conditions in internal environment Most feedback mechanisms in the body are ___________. Examples include ________________________________________________________________________ However there are also _____________ feedback mechanisms at work in the body. Examples are__________________________________________________________________. Why are these examples of ‘normal’ health short-lived? Organization of the Human Body: Body Cavities Cranial cavity contains the ___________. Vertebral Canal contains the ____________ ______________, The organs within the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity are called ____________________. Abdominal cavity contains the __________________________________________________________. Pelvic cavity contains the _____________________________________________________________. Name the cavities of the head: __________________, __________________, __________________, and the __________________. Abdominopelvic cavity = abdominal cavity + pelvic cavity 2 Body Systems: List general organs and functions of the following systems. Integumentary Organs: Functions: Skeletal Organs: Functions: Muscular Organs: Functions: Nervous Organs: Functions: Endocrine Organs: Functions: 3 Cardiovascular Organs: Functions: Lymphatic Organs: Functions: Digestive Organs: Functions: Respiratory Organs: Functions: Urinary Organs: Functions: Reproductive Organs: Functions: 4 Anatomical Terminology: Terms of relative position are used to describe the location of a part relative to another part Anatomical Position: Standing erect. Face forward. Upper limbs at side. Palms forward. Superior: A body part is _________ another part. Inferior: Opposite of superior. A body part is ___________ another part. Anterior: Means the same as ventral in humans. Towards the __________. Posterior: Means the same as dorsal in humans. Towards the __________. Medial: Towards the ______________________. Lateral: Towards the __________________________. Proximal: Is in reference to another part. It means ____________ to the point of origin. Distal: Is the opposite of proximal. It means ___________________ from the point of origin. Superficial: Situated ____________________ to the surface. Deep: Situated _____________________ from the surface. Body sections: Sagittal: Divides the body into __________ and ____________ portions. Midsagittal: centrally divides body into equal ________ and __________ portions. Transverse (horizontal): Divides the body into ___________ and __________ portions. Frontal (coronal): A coronal section divides the body into ___________ and ___________ portions. 5 6