Download The Crusades

The Crusades
CLAIMS TO THE LAND
Actions of the European Crusaders
Quote 1
“The Jews who lived in
Jerusalem and who had
been trapped by the
crusader’s siege of the city
had gathered in their
synagogue and the Franks
burnt them alive. They
also destroyed
monuments of saints and
the tomb of Abraham, may
peace be upon him.”
—Ibn al-Qalanisi, quoted in Michael
Foss, People of the First Crusade
Quote 2
“The population was put to the
sword by the Franks [crusaders],
who pillaged for a week. . . . the
Franks slaughtered more than
70,000 people, among them a
large number of Imams and
Muslim scholars who had left
their homelands to live in the
pious seclusion of the Holy
Place."
—Ibn al-Athir, quoted in Michael
Foss, People of the First Crusade
The Last Word!
Purpose
• To clarify and deepen our thinking about what we read.
• The process is designed to build on each other’s thinking,
and not to enter into a dialogue (discussion or
conversation).
Roles
• Timekeeper/facilitator,
– Your job is to participate and monitor the time for your group.
• Timing is important; each round should last approximately
7 minutes.
• Presenter
– Your job is to share what you think is important and listen
quietly while other group members share what they think
about what you shared.
The Last Word Protocol
Step One - Each group member independently identifies what they think is the most
significant (important) idea addressed in quotes, and highlights that part. (5-7
minutes)
Step Two - When every group member has completed step 1, a volunteer presenter
from the group begins the sharing by identifying the passage they found to be most
significant and reads it out loud to the group. The presenter says nothing about
why they chose that particular quote or part of the quote/passage. (1minute)
Step Three - whole group then takes 1-2 minutes to quietly consider (think about) the
quote/passage before moving to the next step. (2 minutes)
Step Four - The other 3 group members each have 1 minute to respond to the passage
by sharing what that part of the passage makes them think about, what questions
they may have about the passage, why they think the passage may or may not be
important. (3 minutes)
Step Four -The first presenter then has 3 minutes to state why they chose that part of
the quote/passage and they can respond to any of the comments or questions
from the other 3 group members.(3 minutes)
4 Questions about The Last Word
1. What did you learn about the topic?
2. What was the most challenging part of this
process for you?
3. What was the easiest part of this process for you?
4. What did you learn about yourself by participating
in this protocol?
GEOGRAPHY OF THE HOLY LAND
CAUSES OF THE CRUSADES
The Crusades
The Pope had
numerous (many)
reasons to call for the
First Crusade in 1095.
Pope Urban II wished to end the constant
fighting between the nobles and knights
of Western Europe.
The Byzantine Emperor, Alexius I, wished
for help against the Turks who were
conquering land in the Middle East and
Turkey.
Crusaders established (created) Christian
Kingdoms in the lands they conquered.
The Pope could increase his own political
Power by getting rid of many of the knights
Who continually challenged his power in
Europe.
Holy War
I.
Medieval Europe
began to change
dramatically
beginning around
the year 1100.
II.
Many important
events took place
that led to the
end of feudalism
in Europe.
III.
The Renaissance
or “rebirth of
learning” was
soon to come.
1.
2.
3.
In 1096 Pope Urban II called for the first
crusade. A holy war to “liberate” the holy
land from the Muslim Turks.
The first crusade established contact with
the Islamic world which sparked an interest
in trade between Asia and Europe
The increased trade with the East created
many new opportunities for the people of
Europe.
Why Join the Crusades?
Thousands of people
responded to the call
to arms by the Pope for
many different
reasons.
According to the Pope, anyone who went on
crusade was granted forgiveness for all of their
sins. This meant that if you went on crusade you
would automatically get into heaven.
Many serfs and poor people went on crusade to
escape their lords and the violent life of Europe.
Lords and Knights went on Crusade to create
new kingdoms for themselves in the Middle East
and the Holy Land. There were no new lands to
conquer in Western Europe.
Successful War
I. The First Crusade
began in 1095 when
Pope Urban II called on
the Nobles and Knights
of Western Europe to
reclaim the Holy Land
from the Muslims of the
Middle East.
1. The first crusade was successful. The
Christian Armies marched through Eastern
Europe and Turkey arriving in Jerusalem in the
summer of 1099.
2. The Crusaders assaulted Jerusalem and took
the city .They massacred the inhabitants
of the city. Thousands of people were slaughtered
by the ferocious crusaders.
3. The Christians took over control of the city and
surrounding areas. They would control Jerusalem
until 1147 when it was re-conquered by the Turks.
The Results
One major result of
the crusades was increased
contact between Europe
and Asia.
One negative result
of this new contact
between East and West
was the spread of disease.
Italian trade ships moved freely to the newly
opened ports in and around the Middle East.
Muslims and Christians who had been at war for
over 200 years began to trade with one another.
There was a huge demand in Europe for the
luxury goods of the East. (Spices, Silk, etc…)
In the summer of 1347, the Plague spread
from the Black Sea into parts of Eastern Europe.
The disease moved quickly as trade ships
carried disease infected rats from port to port
throughout Europe.
Over a 3 year period the plague killed 40
million Europeans . Entire cities were wiped
out and the fabric of society began to unravel.