REMEMBERING THE FIRST CRUSADE
... century.1 There have been some recent studies placing selected crusade accounts in their historical contexts, analysing why and for whom they were written, or charting the development of a particular idea expressed within their pages. Notable in these studies is an article by Rubenstein that discuss ...
... century.1 There have been some recent studies placing selected crusade accounts in their historical contexts, analysing why and for whom they were written, or charting the development of a particular idea expressed within their pages. Notable in these studies is an article by Rubenstein that discuss ...
James Plumtree FORMING THE FIRST CRUSADE
... episodes being examined in the narrative. 17 By doing this, I will be able to reach a more nuanced conclusion and a greater comprehension of both the image of Hungary in the chronicles and changing perceptions of the crusaders. 18 I have had to be selective with the texts that I have used. Instead ...
... episodes being examined in the narrative. 17 By doing this, I will be able to reach a more nuanced conclusion and a greater comprehension of both the image of Hungary in the chronicles and changing perceptions of the crusaders. 18 I have had to be selective with the texts that I have used. Instead ...
Christendom, the Muslim World, and Western Political Order
... read the manuscript in its different phases and forms. As valuable to me as her improvements of the text was her faith in the worth of this project. I want to acknowledge the help and support received from other friends and colleagues. Talal Asad’s generous praise of an early draft of the manuscript ...
... read the manuscript in its different phases and forms. As valuable to me as her improvements of the text was her faith in the worth of this project. I want to acknowledge the help and support received from other friends and colleagues. Talal Asad’s generous praise of an early draft of the manuscript ...
Chapter 5 - Taranturch5
... Emperor there tried to get them to wait for help. • But most of Peters followers went on and were defeated. – only a small part survived ...
... Emperor there tried to get them to wait for help. • But most of Peters followers went on and were defeated. – only a small part survived ...
RETHINKING THE CRUSADES University of South Africa
... root cause for present day tensions between Muslims and Christians (Maalouf 1984:265). This idea is accurately captured by the words of Mehmet Ali Agca, who tried to assassinate Pope John Paul II in 1981: ‘I have decided to kill John Paul 2, supreme commander of the Crusades’ (Maalouf 1984:265). ...
... root cause for present day tensions between Muslims and Christians (Maalouf 1984:265). This idea is accurately captured by the words of Mehmet Ali Agca, who tried to assassinate Pope John Paul II in 1981: ‘I have decided to kill John Paul 2, supreme commander of the Crusades’ (Maalouf 1984:265). ...
How to justify a crusade? The conquest of Livonia and new crusade
... in 1095.4 Thus, the 1095 crusade sets the standard against which all later campaigns must be measured to establish whether they might be defined as crusades. The nature of this standard is marked, according to the purists, by the destination of the First Crusade, namely Jerusalem. It was this destina ...
... in 1095.4 Thus, the 1095 crusade sets the standard against which all later campaigns must be measured to establish whether they might be defined as crusades. The nature of this standard is marked, according to the purists, by the destination of the First Crusade, namely Jerusalem. It was this destina ...
The Crusades, c. 1071±c. 1291 - Assets
... English translation © Cambridge University Press 1999 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. A catalogue reco ...
... English translation © Cambridge University Press 1999 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. A catalogue reco ...
Knight Hospitaller (1)
... Western Europe similarly grew in size, wealth and political influence. The Hospitaller presence in Western Europe was largely non-military, with the major exception of their role in the Iberian peninsula. Here, on what could be called Latin Christendom's second front with the Islamic world, the Hosp ...
... Western Europe similarly grew in size, wealth and political influence. The Hospitaller presence in Western Europe was largely non-military, with the major exception of their role in the Iberian peninsula. Here, on what could be called Latin Christendom's second front with the Islamic world, the Hosp ...
The Mongols
... see his career in terms of a mission…“I have accomplished a great work,” he declared, “uniting the whole world in one empire...but it is not sufficient that I succeed—all others must fail.” Thus the Mongol Empire acquired an ideology in the course of its construction. But what made this “great work” ...
... see his career in terms of a mission…“I have accomplished a great work,” he declared, “uniting the whole world in one empire...but it is not sufficient that I succeed—all others must fail.” Thus the Mongol Empire acquired an ideology in the course of its construction. But what made this “great work” ...
Assignment 3
... Chivalry and Military Prowess The Templars exemplified and legitimised the ideals of medieval chivalry. The concept of chivalry was a moral dilemma. A knight’s defence of society through the ideals of bravery and honour were juxtaposed against the guilt of warlike activities thus contradicting Chris ...
... Chivalry and Military Prowess The Templars exemplified and legitimised the ideals of medieval chivalry. The concept of chivalry was a moral dilemma. A knight’s defence of society through the ideals of bravery and honour were juxtaposed against the guilt of warlike activities thus contradicting Chris ...
Fear and its Representation in the First Crusade
... wisdom that circulated around the campsite and that had been preached about by clerics’, produced almost immediately after the crusade. Previously the anonymous author had been viewed as a southern Italian vassal of Bohemond. Perhaps a lay crusader, probably a knight, but in ‘Crusade and Narrative: ...
... wisdom that circulated around the campsite and that had been preached about by clerics’, produced almost immediately after the crusade. Previously the anonymous author had been viewed as a southern Italian vassal of Bohemond. Perhaps a lay crusader, probably a knight, but in ‘Crusade and Narrative: ...
Reevaluating the Heritage of the Mongol Conquests - H-Net
... those works, J. J. Saunders’s The History of the Mongol Conquests (1971) and David Morgan’s The Mongols (1986; second edition 2007) are of great use for students and experts of Mongol history. In the past two decades, Thomas T. Allsen has made an immense contribution on this topic. His books Commodi ...
... those works, J. J. Saunders’s The History of the Mongol Conquests (1971) and David Morgan’s The Mongols (1986; second edition 2007) are of great use for students and experts of Mongol history. In the past two decades, Thomas T. Allsen has made an immense contribution on this topic. His books Commodi ...
File
... same: to take Jerusalem and the area around it, known as the Holy Land, away from the Muslims, who also considered it holy. Jerusalem was holy to Jews because of the Holy Temple, and for Christians, it was the place where Jesus was crucified and buried. Many Christians also believed that Christ woul ...
... same: to take Jerusalem and the area around it, known as the Holy Land, away from the Muslims, who also considered it holy. Jerusalem was holy to Jews because of the Holy Temple, and for Christians, it was the place where Jesus was crucified and buried. Many Christians also believed that Christ woul ...
The Crusades I
... were not prepared for the hostile environments. The Church “advertised” to the people that they would be forgiven of sins. The Church promised direction from great knights. Medieval propaganda was used to sway the minds of the people. By the time that the Crusading armies had reached the Holy Land, ...
... were not prepared for the hostile environments. The Church “advertised” to the people that they would be forgiven of sins. The Church promised direction from great knights. Medieval propaganda was used to sway the minds of the people. By the time that the Crusading armies had reached the Holy Land, ...
Were There Any Crusades in the Twelfth Century?
... First Crusaders, Pope Eugenius identified two desired consequences of the proposed expedition: 'so that the dignity of the name of Christ may be enhanced ... and your reputation for strength, which is praised throughout the world, may be kept unimpaired and unsullied'. It is the 'ancestral laws' whi ...
... First Crusaders, Pope Eugenius identified two desired consequences of the proposed expedition: 'so that the dignity of the name of Christ may be enhanced ... and your reputation for strength, which is praised throughout the world, may be kept unimpaired and unsullied'. It is the 'ancestral laws' whi ...
As Word (text only) - Discover Islamic Art
... The Russian Nestor Chronicle tells of an agreement in this year, stating, among other things, that: If a Rus (Swede) kills a Christian or a Christian a Rus he has to die where he commits this manslaughter. This law is typical for regional Scandinavian jurisdiction. Laws like this were written down i ...
... The Russian Nestor Chronicle tells of an agreement in this year, stating, among other things, that: If a Rus (Swede) kills a Christian or a Christian a Rus he has to die where he commits this manslaughter. This law is typical for regional Scandinavian jurisdiction. Laws like this were written down i ...
The Middle Ages Teacher Guide - Western Reserve Public Media
... about 1,000 years until about 1450. The beginning of the Middle Ages is called the Dark Ages because the great civilizations of Rome and Greece had been conquered. Life was very hard in the Middle Ages. Very few people could read or write. Their lack of knowledge often led to superstitious beliefs. ...
... about 1,000 years until about 1450. The beginning of the Middle Ages is called the Dark Ages because the great civilizations of Rome and Greece had been conquered. Life was very hard in the Middle Ages. Very few people could read or write. Their lack of knowledge often led to superstitious beliefs. ...
Draft Conference Paper - Inter
... pilgrimage. Individual crusaders were in constant move, and it is important to keep in mind that the ordinal numbers marking the crusader campaigns in modern historiography merely indicate those moments, when greater armed forces marched to East. The First Crusade has been dated between the spring o ...
... pilgrimage. Individual crusaders were in constant move, and it is important to keep in mind that the ordinal numbers marking the crusader campaigns in modern historiography merely indicate those moments, when greater armed forces marched to East. The First Crusade has been dated between the spring o ...
Crusade
... Majorca and Sardinia, freeing the coasts of Italy and Catalonia from Muslim raids. Much earlier, of course, the Christian homelands of Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, and so on had been conquered by Muslim armies. This long history of losing territories to a religious enemy, as well as a powerful ...
... Majorca and Sardinia, freeing the coasts of Italy and Catalonia from Muslim raids. Much earlier, of course, the Christian homelands of Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, and so on had been conquered by Muslim armies. This long history of losing territories to a religious enemy, as well as a powerful ...
The Middle Ages
... 1st Crusade 1096- 5000 Crusaders left Europe for the Holy Land - the peasant crusaders attacked Jews in Germany- blamed them for Jesus’ deathmost of the peasant crusaders were killed before they reached Jerusalem Nobles reached Jerusalem and took it over- set up 4 small towns and traded with Europe ...
... 1st Crusade 1096- 5000 Crusaders left Europe for the Holy Land - the peasant crusaders attacked Jews in Germany- blamed them for Jesus’ deathmost of the peasant crusaders were killed before they reached Jerusalem Nobles reached Jerusalem and took it over- set up 4 small towns and traded with Europe ...
A) development of Pax Mongolia B) fall of the Ming
... quoted in The Dream and the Tomb A) repel a Viking invasion Which event is referred to in this quotation? B) stop advancement of the Huns in Europe A) Enlightenment C) join the Crusades B) French Revolution D) force Russians to convert to Catholicism C) Glorious Revolution D) Crusades 16. A direct r ...
... quoted in The Dream and the Tomb A) repel a Viking invasion Which event is referred to in this quotation? B) stop advancement of the Huns in Europe A) Enlightenment C) join the Crusades B) French Revolution D) force Russians to convert to Catholicism C) Glorious Revolution D) Crusades 16. A direct r ...
ordines militares xx the grand designs of gilbert of assailly. the order
... of El ‘Arish on the edge of the Sinai desert.4 From the middle of the century, the Egyptian heartland beckoned as a potential military target. Egypt produced great wealth in the form of agricultural products, with a significant surplus in good years. It was also a major conduit for a lucrative trade ...
... of El ‘Arish on the edge of the Sinai desert.4 From the middle of the century, the Egyptian heartland beckoned as a potential military target. Egypt produced great wealth in the form of agricultural products, with a significant surplus in good years. It was also a major conduit for a lucrative trade ...
The Evolution of Crusading Rhetoric
... its proper Christian hands.16 Rather than a war of conquest, in the eyes of the pope, the Crusade was a war of reconquest. In this way, Urban turned what was, on the surface, an offensive measure into a war for the defense of Christianity. Lands that were rightfully Christian were under the occupati ...
... its proper Christian hands.16 Rather than a war of conquest, in the eyes of the pope, the Crusade was a war of reconquest. In this way, Urban turned what was, on the surface, an offensive measure into a war for the defense of Christianity. Lands that were rightfully Christian were under the occupati ...
The Expansion of Europe, 950–1100
... a. Gregory VII elected pope in 1073 C.E.; initially had good relations with Henry IV b. Conflict in 1075 C.E. between Gregory and Henry over right to appoint bishops c. Henry wanted the political benefit of appointing bishops; for Gregory it was simony d. Gregory’s reform movement sought to liberate ...
... a. Gregory VII elected pope in 1073 C.E.; initially had good relations with Henry IV b. Conflict in 1075 C.E. between Gregory and Henry over right to appoint bishops c. Henry wanted the political benefit of appointing bishops; for Gregory it was simony d. Gregory’s reform movement sought to liberate ...
crusades
... by oligarchies of powerful merchant or banking families. Isolated and hemmed in by mountains and a poor road system, these city-states focused on sea trade in the Mediterranean. The city-states offered some naval support to the Crusaders, but were focused mainly on the lucrative business of establis ...
... by oligarchies of powerful merchant or banking families. Isolated and hemmed in by mountains and a poor road system, these city-states focused on sea trade in the Mediterranean. The city-states offered some naval support to the Crusaders, but were focused mainly on the lucrative business of establis ...
History of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages
The history of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages is generally one of decline; beginning as a major city in the Byzantine Empire, Jerusalem prospered during the early centuries of Muslim control (640–969), but under the rule of the Fatimid caliphate (late 10th to 11th centuries) its population declined from about 200,000 to less than half that number by the time of the Christian conquest in 1099. The Christians massacred much of the population as they took the city, and while population quickly recovered during the Kingdom of Jerusalem, it was again decimated to below 2,000 people when the Khwarezmi Turks retook the city in 1244. After this, the city remained a backwater of the late medieval Muslim empires and would not again exceed a population of 10,000 until the 16th century.It was passed back and forth through various Muslim factions until decidedly conquered by the Ottomans in 1517, who maintained control until the British took it in 1917.