Download Climate Change Commission Context of NAMA Development in the Philippines Alona Arreza

Climate Change Commission
Context of NAMA Development in the Philippines
Alona Arreza, Development Management Officer
Bangkok, 19 March 2014
25.03.2014
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Philippine Climate Change Policies and Initiatives
Timeline
1991: IACCC Established (A.O. 220)
1994:
UNFCCC Ratified
2009: Climate Change Act of 2009
(RA 9729) and creation of the
Climate Change Commission
2000:
Initial National
Communication Submitted
2010: Philippine Strategy on
Climate Change Adaptation
2003: Kyoto Protocol Ratified
2010: National Framework Strategy
on Climate Change
2004: DENR as DNA (EO 320)
2007: Presidential Task Force on
Climate Change (PTFCC) created
(A.O. 171)
2007:
A.O 171 amended with
PTFCC Chairmanship transferred
from DENR to DOE (A.O. 171-A)
2008:
Presidential Proclamation
1667 – CC Consciousness Week
November 19-25 to be celebrated
annually
2010: Philippine National REDD+
Strategy
2011: Cabinet cluster on CC
Adaptation and Mitigation (EO 43)
2011: National Climate Change
Action Plan
2011: Phil. Dev’t Forum TWG on CC
Adaptation and Mitigation
2012: Amendments to the CC Act
and include the Peoples’ Survival
Fund (RA 10174)
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2
Republic Act 10174 (RA 9729 Climate Change Act,
as amended) on Climate Change Mitigation
Powers and Functions of the Climate Change
Commission
 (d) Recommend legislation, policies,
strategies, programs on and
appropriations for climate change
adaptation and mitigation and other
related activities;
 (g) Create an enabling environment
that shall promote broader multistakeholder participation and integrate
climate change mitigation and
adaptation;
 (h) Formulate strategies on mitigating
GHG and other anthropogenic causes
of climate change;
 (p) Oversee the dissemination of
information on climate change, local
vulnerabilities and risks, relevant laws
and protocols and adaptation and
mitigation measures
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3
National Framework Strategy on Climate Change
(NFSCC) on Climate Change Mitigation
 Guiding Principle 2.7
 The national priorities,
and therefore, the pillars,
of the National
Framework Strategy on
Climate Change shall be
adaptation and mitigation,
with an emphasis on
adaptation as the anchor
strategy. Whenever
applicable, mitigation
actions shall also be
pursued as a function of
adaptation
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4
National Climate Change
Action Plan (2011 – 2028)
Intermediate
Outcomes
Enhanced adaptive
capacity of communities,
resilience of natural
ecosystems, and
sustainability of built
environment to climate
change.
Goal:
To Build the adaptive capacities of women and men in
their communities, increase the resilience of vulnerable
sectors and natural ecosystems to climate change, and
optimize mitigation opportunities towards a genderresponsive and rights-based sustainable development
Successful
transition
towards
climate-smart
development.
“climate-smart”
to emphasize
the need for
“adaptive
mitigation”
Ultimate
Outcomes
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Activities towards the
Formulation of the NAMA Roadmap
Activity
Sector
Lead Agency
Funding Source
Institutional Arrangements and
Framework
- Core TWG
- Sectoral TWG (AWIT-FE)
Waste, Industry, Agriculture
Energy, Forestry, Transport
CCC
CCC Regular funds
and LECB
Study on Sectoral NAMA
Options
Waste, Industry, Agriculture
Energy, Forestry, Transport
CCC
LECB and CCC
Regular Funds
Study on the Mitigation Potential
of the Solid Waste Sector
Waste
NSWMC
GIZ
Multi-criteria Analysis for NAMA
Multi-sectoral
CCC
SEAN-CC (UNEP);
LECB
Proposal for the NAMA Facility
of UK-Germany
Waste
NSWMC (asst. by GIZ)
Germany and UK*
Renewable Energy
DOE (asst. by CCAP)
Energy
DOE – LEAP
USAID (EC LEDS)
Transport tools
USAID (EC LEDS)
CCC
GIZ
LECB (webinars)
Tools and Methodologies for
Mitigation analysis
Capacity Building - NAMA
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6
CLIMATE CHANGE
COMMISSION
CLIMATE
CHANGE
OFFICE
Methodologies
Sectoral
TWG for
Energy
Green Growth
LEDs
NAMAs
Sectoral
TWG for
Transport
Sectoral
TWG for
Waste
Core
GHG Inventory TWG for
Mitigation
MRV
Sectoral
TWG for
Forestry
and other
Land Use
Sectoral
TWG for
Agriculture
Co-benefits
Mitigation
Sectoral
TWG for
Industry
Costbenefit Analysis
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7
National Solid Waste Management Commission
NAMA Concept for the Philippine Waste Sector
Crispian Lao, Vice-Chair and Commissioner
Bangkok, 19 March 2014
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Content of Presentation
1.
Preparatory Steps
- Review of policy and institutional framework
- GIZ training of 10 steps to NAMA
- NAMA mission and concept note
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mitigation potential of the Philippine solid waste sector
Barriers to climate mitigation actions
Approach to pilot NAMA implementation (technical)
Approach to NAMA financing (financial component)
Co-benefits of implementing NAMA in the sector
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I. PREPARATORY STEPS
Prior to developing the NAMA concept for the waste sector …
■ Reviewed existing policy and institutional framework
■ Participated in the pilot GIZ NAMA training
■ Conducted national / local consultations (NAMA mission)
■ Developed a previous proposal on “Reducing Emissions from
Waste and Resource Depletion” (REWARD)
■ Peer-to-peer sharing, e.g., CCAP-MAIN workshop (Hanoi) and
GIZ-AIGCC low-carbon paths regional seminar (Jakarta)
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Policy and institutional framework
■ Philippine development plan 2011-2016
- indicators on waste diversion thru composting and resource recovery
(at least 50% by 2016) and closure of all dumpsites (100% by 2016).
■ Climate change act, RA 9729
 National framework strategy on climate change 2010-2022
 National climate change action plan 2011-2028
- Mitigation strategies in the context of adaptation; Mitigation pillar
KRA 8.6 on waste management
■ Ecological solid waste management act, RA 9003
 National solid waste management situation 2011
 National solid waste management strategy 2012-2016
- Strategic component 8c: Reducing disaster and climate change risks
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National SWM Strategy island-cluster consultations
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‘NAMA’ in the Philippine National SWM Strategy 2012-2016
Creating a unit for multi-agency, multi-stakeholder
and multi-donor cooperation
Link to NCCAP‘s
Mitigation Pillars
MRV requirements
NAMA
Support
(technology,
financial,
capacity building)
NAMAs triggering
international
climate finance +
PPP potential
NAMA
Support
(technology,
financial,
capacity
building)
Private sector
participation
Reducing emissions
 mitigation of
climate change
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GIZ NAMA training
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GIZ NAMA training: Outputs of the Waste Sector
1. Policy gap measures: areas where NAMA boosts SWM
2. Reduction potential / co-benefits: direct and indirect outcomes
3. Potential NAMAs: waste treatment and disposal; eco-towns
4. GHG baseline / BAU: uncontrolled burning; diversion rates
5. MRV plan: WACS data; LFG models and actual measurements
6. NAMA planning: NAMA framework, strategies and indicators
7. Support needs: technical and financial; co-benefits monitoring
8. NAMA registry: NSWMC database to include climate data
9. Implement NAMA and NAMA MRVs: based on roadmap
10. Best practice: initiatives supporting RA 9003; donor support
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NAMA mission
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NAMA mission’s rationale and objectives
To outline a roadmap that:
■ assesses the impacts and mitigation potentials of applicable
SWM strategies and technologies and their co-benefits
■ clarifies baseline situation and MRV requirements
■ suggests next steps for pilot projects and requirements to
address organizational issues and framework conditions
■ looks how key stakeholders could contribute to NAMA
development
■ shall give support to the PHL Government in developing a
sectoral NAMA in coordination with other projects / partners
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II. MITIGATION POTENTIAL OF THE PHL SWM SECTOR
Energy
Generation
and
distribution
Waste
~ 9 %*
Waste
11.6 mio.
tons /yr.
Industry
∑: 5 - 6 % of total national GHG emissions
Data drawn from National Climate Change Action Plan 2011-2028
*) all wastes includes wastewater
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GHG reduction potential of deposited and fresh waste
 Remaining GHG Potential from waste deposited over
20 years from 1992-2012
 110 Mio t CO2e
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Cumulative emissions during landfilling period per FOD model
period of aftercare
period of landfilling
120000
mass curve
100000
tCO2e
80000
60000
40000
curves of annual deposits
20000
0
91
19
94
19
97
19
00
20
03
20
06
20
09
20
12
20
15
20
18
20
21
20
24
20
27
20
30
20
33
20
36
20
39
20
42
20
45
20
48
20
51
20
year
Reduction potential of MSW disposed in the past
(before closing of landfill) ~ 20 % of total emissions in
60 years
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GHG reduction potential of deposited and fresh waste
 Annual GHG potential from diverting fresh biodegradable
waste thereafter (through pre-treatment)
 14 Mio t CO2e/yr
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III. BARRIERS TO CLIMATE MITIGATION ACTIONS
■ Current trends in the CDM carbon market leave current
proponents hanging and discourage new proponents from
applying, e.g., Payatas disposal site
■ Proponents, LGU or private, need an enabling environment
to proceed with implementing mitigation actions
■ Lack of capacity development means additional upfront cost.
■ Public/private decision-makers need a menu of options, inter
alia, preferably available and with proven track record.
■ Measures ideally have economies of scale and should be
suitable, flexible and replicable.
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IV. NAMA APPROACH (MAIN FIELDS OF ACTION)
1. Should be aligned with the development priorities of the country
and build on the NCCAP and NSWMS.
2. Consider MRV aspects from the start.
3. NAMA should support, not replace, the political process of
developing the waste sector.
4. Focus on certain „homogeneous“ waste streams: Organic
(biodegradable) fractions in the MSW.
5. Actions of supporters and public sector should go hand in hand.
6. Promote LGU champions.
7. NAMA for interested LGUs/firms; Pilot demonstration for those
willing to establish mitigation/other impacts of new measures.
8. Triggering private investments and green growth.
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Proposed field of action for MRV
o Potential set of indicators in context of a NAMA
(details to be elaborated in the proposed NAMA support project)
 Quantitative technical: milestones achieved
 Economical: funds granted, investment triggered, jobs created
 Process:
 scientific preparation in progress (milestones!)
 stakeholder processes in place
 Emissions: GHG emissions being reduced
 Qualitative content: policy is defined, adopted and enforced,
strategies are existing and comprehensive
 Institutions: responsible institutions (institutional set-up)
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Emission avoidance
Emission elimination
Possible NAMAs in the SWM Sector
Low-cost / self-made
High-tech / know how transfer
Eco-efficient soil cover for
landfill rehabilitation; area
use for RDF production
Landfill closure, Gas recovery,
Gas utilization or flaring, landfill
aeration
Composting, recovery of
RDF for household use
(e. g. green charcoal)
Anaerobic biodigester,
biomass for power generation,
RDF, AFR for co-processing,
mechanical-biological
treatment
RDF = Refuse-derived fuel
LGU size increasing ->
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Recommendations: Approach to a Pilot NAMA (Option 1)
Anaerobic bio-digestion
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Recommendations: Approach to a Pilot NAMA (Option 2)
Eco-efficient dumpsite cover
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V. NAMA APPROACH (FINANCING OPTIONS)
■ Vision: To open a finance window for LGUs and private
entities that are interested to implement SWM activities with
established or potentially verifiable GHG-mitigation impacts.
■ The NAMA grant funds provided shall be used as seed
capital for a revolving fund that can provide tailor-made
capital financing based on concessional loans.
■ Funds are best anchored on existing and proposed waste
sector financing initiatives administered by PHL government
institutions and conduits that are capable of raising and
leveraging national, bilateral or multilateral funds.
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VI. CO-BENEFITS
■ Context of adaptation: Minimize dumpsite explosions, garbageslides and other disasters; Improved collection and management
reduces clogging of canals that aggravate flooding.
■ Environmental: Improve basic sanitation, protect public health,
minimize leachate and gaseous emissions, LGU incentives for
holistic and timely compliance to RA 9003
■ Socio-economic: Opportunity to mainstream the informal waste
sector into fraction-specific SWM schemes, prolong landfill
capacities, new opportunities for jobs with higher qualifications
■ Sustainable production and consumption: Low-carbon growth
equals resource efficiency equals cost-competitiveness
■ Viable financing schemes: Attract private sector investments
on focus areas; Reduce subsidies through PPP/cost recovery
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Thank you very much
for your attention.
Salamat po.
Commissioner Crispian LAO
Vice-Chair and Private Sector Representative
National Solid Waste Mgt Commission
T: +63 (0)2 920.2252
Ms. Alona ARREZA
Development Management Officer
Climate Change Commission
T: +63 (0)2 522.0378
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