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1 The Immune System Immune System Lecture 18, Part 1 Winter 2014 2 Innate Immunity-Mammals 3 Cast of characters • Where can pathogens enter the body? • What are the barriers to pathogen entry? Lymphatic System 4 Inflammatory (histamine) response 5 Toll-like Receptors (TLR) Fig. 43.7 Fig. 43.8 Fig. 43.8 Fig. 43.6 1 Inflammatory (histamine) response 6 Intracellular vs extracellular pathogens 7 • How recognize? • Neutrophils – Major histocompatibility complex – MHC class I – intracellular – MHC class II- extracellular Fig. 43.8 8 Extracellular pathogens • Who recognizes? – B cells? • What are B cells recognizing? B cells 9 • ~ 1 million different B cells in body • Y shaped receptor • Binds to antigens – Antigens – Epitope (antigenic determinant) Fig. 43.9 10 B cells 11 • Antigen receptor – ~100,000 identical receptors/cell – Individual cells have specificity • How does this happen? • Antibody or immunoglobin (Ig) – Protein secreted by plasma cells (differentiated B cells) that bind to a particular antigen Fig. 43.10 Fig. 43.18 2 12 B Cell Activation 13 B Cell Activation • Clonal selection in B cell • Effector cells – Short lived – Attack antigen / pathogen • Memory cells – Long-lived Fig. 43.18 Fig. 43.18 Clonal selection of B Cells 14 • What is missing from this diagram? Humoral Response 15 Opsonization • Also help form aggregates Neutralization Fig. 43.14 Fig. 43.21 16 Humoral Response • Antibodies work with proteins of complement system Fig. 43.21 3