Download BIOL212Test3Guide30MAY2012

BIOL212
Experience 3 (Test) “Study Guide”
30 May 2012
**** All quizzes and tests are cumulative!! **** For this one, the emphasis will be on
Circulation, Respiration, Osmoregulation and Excretion, Immunity, some Reproduction
and early Development (Chap. 42, 43, 44, 46 & Sec. 47.1 & 47.2)
You should be able to define any term printed in bold in the text, even if the term was
not mentioned in class. Also, check the chapter reviews & concept checks. Be sure
you can answer those questions!
Circulatory systems link exchange surfaces with cells throughout the body.
What are the various types? And how do the function?
Coordinated cycles of heart contraction drive double circulation in mammals.
How does this compare with the other types? Esp. how this compares with the other
types of vertebrate circulatory systems? How many are there? How are they the same
and how are they different?
Patterns of blood pressure and flow reflect the structure and arrangement of blood
vessels. What is the structure of arteries and veins, arterioles and venules, capillaries?
What is the function of the lymphatic system? (See also immunity.) Why is blood
pressure lowest in the capillary beds? How does this help the various functions?
Blood composition and function:
Plasma (55%)
Water, Ions (Electrolytes), Plasma proteins
Cellular elements (45%)
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Platelets
Eurythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
Hæmoglobin (“vs.” myoglobin)
Gas exchange – Respiratory System (structure, function & benefits) - Ventilation
Gas exchange occurs across specialized respiratory surfaces:
Partial Pressure
Gills
Countercurrent Exchange
Tracheal System
Tracheae
Tracheoles
INTERCONNECTEDNESS
REDUCE – REUSE – RECYCLE
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BIOL212
Experience 3 (Test) “Study Guide”
30 May 2012
Lungs (generally, but specifically for mammals and birds!)
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi (Bronchus)
Broncioles
Alveoli (Aviolus)
Diaphram
Surfacant
Positive Pressure Breathing
Negative Pressure Breathing
Tidal Volume
Vital Capacity
Residual Volume
Avian Ventilation
Air Sacs
Parabronchi
Airflow
Immune System
Innate Immunity
Recognition and response rely on traits common to groups of pathogens
Invertebrates vs. vertebrates
Barrier defenses
Cellular Innate Defenses
Toll-like Receptors
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Eosinophils
Dendritic cells
Natural Killer Cells
Antimicrobial Peptides & Proteins
Interferons
Complement System
Inflammatory Response
Histamines (antihistamines)
Mast cells
Cytokines
INTERCONNECTEDNESS
REDUCE – REUSE – RECYCLE
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BIOL212
Experience 3 (Test) “Study Guide”
30 May 2012
Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity
Found only in vertebrates
Receptor provide pathogen-specific recognition
Defends against infection of body fluids and body cells
Lysozyme
Phagocytosis
Humoral & cellular response
Lymphocytes
T cells – thymus
Helper T cells
Antigen-presenting cells
B cells – bone marrow
Antigen & antigen receptors
Epitope
Effector cells
Memory Cells
Clonal Selection
Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Immunological Memory
Primary Immune Response
Secondary Immune Response
Active & Passive immunity
Immunization & Vaccination
Tools
Monoclonal antibodies
Blood groups
Tissue & Organ transplants
Allergies
Autoimmune diseases
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Lupus, etc.
AIDS
Latency (“Shingles”)
Cancer
Excretory System: Osmoregulation & Excretion
Osmosis & Osmotic Challenges
Marine vs. Freshwater organisms
Terrestrial dwellers
Countercurrent exchange
INTERCONNECTEDNESS
REDUCE – REUSE – RECYCLE
3
BIOL212
Experience 3 (Test) “Study Guide”
30 May 2012
Ammonia vs. Urea vs. Uric Acid
Renal structure
Renal corpuscle, Loop of Henle
Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction:
Fission
Budding
Parthenogenesis
“Reproductive Handicap”
Sexual Reproduction:
Ova (Ovum)
Sperm
Zygote
Fertilization
(Details on reproduction & development not already addressed will be on final.)
INTERCONNECTEDNESS
REDUCE – REUSE – RECYCLE
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