Download Physics 610: Quantum Optics

Fall 2015
Physics 610
Lloyd M. Davis
Quantum Optics
[email protected]
931-393-7335
Class Time: Tuesdays and Thursdays, 10:10-11:25 Central Time in Room E111 at UTSI and
by interactive classroom link to UTK, 11:10-12:25 Eastern time in Room M103 at UT Knoxville.
Course Content and Texts:
Quantum Optics is a rapidly developing field that has become quite extensive (see “Map of Quantum Optics” given
below) and pervasive into many other areas of modern physics. In this course we will not follow any one text but will
use material from a number of texts, which are listed below, as well as some papers from the literature. However, we
will begin the course by following text book No. 1—Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics, by Mandel and Wolf,
which you are recommended to purchase.
In October 1995, Leonard Mandel (now deceased) and Emil Wolf from the University of Rochester published a
treatise that encompasses a very broad range of topics, both in the classical and quantum theories of light. Topics on
the classical theory of light propagation and on the coherence of light, the research specialty of Wolf, are treated in
detail in the first 9 chapters. In this course, we will touch only briefly on classical coherence theory. Most of the
lectures will cover material on the fully-quantum mechanical description of the radiation field and its interaction with
matter, as treated in the later chapters. We begin at chapter 10, in which Maxwell’s equations are quantized, and we
then proceed to consider various properties, measurements, and physical states of the quantized radiation field,
including states that have no classical counterpart. A current area of interest in quantum optics, and in fundamental
quantum theory, relates to “entangled two-photon states”, and Bell’s inequality. Mandel was an expert in this area, and
his chapter 10 on the quantization of Maxwell’s equations seems to be slanted towards giving a very thorough
foundation for covering such topics. In this course we will not follow section by section through Mandel and Wolf’s
text, but instead we will attempt to present a broader perspective by skipping some of the more specialized sections and
embedding material from other texts and articles from the literature. In particular, some of the lecture notes and some
problems will be drawn from Loudon’s texts “The Quantum Theory of Light”, now in its third edition, and from other
texts listed below. Also, some use will be made of Eberly and Allen’s short treatise on the two-level atom, first
published in 1975 and now available on kindle, and of other now-classic texts. Some classes will include problems that
will be performed as worked examples. There will also be problems set for homework each class. These set problems
are due to be scanned and e-mailed to me before the next class, unless otherwise specified. Model answers will be
provided, usually at the next class. Many references from the texts and the literature will be given for background
reading. A course outline is given below. This is tentative and will likely be changed to incorporate material from
recent texts on Quantum Optics, especially by Garrison and Chiao (No. 3, below), Agrawal (No. 15, below), and
Haroche (No. 16, below).
Grades:
Homework assignments:
Midterm test 1:
Midterm test 2:
Final exam:
50 %
15 %
15 %
20 %
Recommended Prerequisite courses/background:
Quantum Mechanics, Maths Methods, Electrodynamics, Classical Optics, Classical Mechanics
Texts:
1. MW=Mandel and Wolf (1995) “Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics” (*Recommended to purchase)
http://www.amazon.com/Optical-Coherence-Quantum-Optics-Leonard/dp/0521417112/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241028296&sr=1-1
2. FX=Fox (2006) “Quantum Optics: An Introduction” (Undergraduate level; Recommended for summer reading)
http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Optics-Introduction-Oxford-Physics/dp/0198566735/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241032576&sr=1-2
3. GC=Garrison and Chiao (2008) “Quantum Optics”
http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Optics-Oxford-Graduate-Texts/dp/0198508867/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241031018&sr=1-1
4. WM=Walls and Milburn (a:1994, b:2008) “Quantum Optics”
http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Optics-D-F-Walls/dp/3540285733/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241031075&sr=1-1
5. SZ=Scully and Zubairy (1997) “Quantum Optics”
http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Optics-Marlan-O-Scully/dp/0521435951/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241030904&sr=1-1
6. MS=Meystre and Sargent (1990,2007) “Elements of Quantum Optics”
http://www.amazon.com/Elements-Quantum-Optics-Pierre-Meystre/dp/3540742093/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241032140&sr=1-1#
7. BR=Bachor and Ralph (2004) “A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics”
http://www.amazon.com/Guide-Experiments-Quantum-Optics/dp/3527403930/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241032689&sr=1-1
8. NC=Nielsen and Chuang (2000) “Quantum Computation and Quantum Information”
http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Computation-Information-Michael-Nielsen/dp/0521635039/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241035387&sr=1-1
9. L3=Loudon, 3rd edn (2000) “The Quantum Theory of Light”
http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Theory-Oxford-Science-Publications/dp/0198501765/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241035436&sr=1-1
10. L2=Loudon, 2nd edn (1983) “The Quantum Theory of Light”
11. L1=Loudon, 1st edn (1973) “The Quantum Theory of Light”
12. EA=Eberly and Allen (1975; now on kindle) “Optical Resonance and Two-Level Atoms”
http://www.amazon.com/Optical-Resonance-Two-Level-Atoms-Physics-ebook/dp/B00A73J1W8/ref=dp_kinw_strp_1
13. KS=Klauder & Sudarshan (1968; reprinted 2006) “Fundamentals of Quantum Optics”
http://www.amazon.com/Fundamentals-Quantum-Optics-Dover-Physics/dp/0486450082/ref=la_B001HPJSZ0_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1426782416&sr=1-1
14. GK=Gerry and Knight (2005) “Introductory Quantum Optics”
http://www.amazon.com/Introductory-Quantum-Optics-Christopher-Gerry/dp/052152735X/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241035672&sr=1-5#
15. GA=Girish Agrawal (Dec 28, 2012) “Quantum Optics”
http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Optics-Girish-S-Agarwal/dp/1107006406/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1426782937&sr=1-1
16. SH=Serge Haroche (2006) “Exploring the Quantum: Atoms, Cavities, and Photons”
http://www.amazon.com/Exploring-Quantum-Cavities-Photons-Graduate/dp/0198509146
Quantum Optics
Lecture
Fall 2015
Date
Topics
States of the Quantized Radiation Field
1
8-20
MW 10.1-3
2
8-25
MW 10.4-6
3
8-27
MW 10.7
4
9-1
MW 11.1-4
5
9-3
MW 11.5, 21.0-7;L3 4.7
6
9-8
L3 4.6; MW 13.1-3
7
9-10
MW 11.6-9; WMa 4.2
Coherence
8
9-15
9
9-17
10
9-22
11
9-24
12
13
9-29
10-1
Tentative Course Outline (prepared 3-19-15)
Quantization of Maxwell’s equations
Fock states, linear and angular momentum
Phase in quantum optics
Coherent states
Quantum dynamics; Squeezed states
Mixed States; Chaotic State
Coherent state representation
WMa 3.1-5; MW 12.1-3; L2 6.1-2 Young’s experiment; First order coherence
MW 12.4; L2 6.3-5;
Higher order coherence
L2 6.4,6.5; MW 4.3.2,8.3,2.4.4
Cross-spectral density; Hanburry-Brown Twiss;
MW 4.4, 5.3, 5.4, 5.8
Propagation of coherence; Spectral change with propagation
Take-home midterm test 1 (Lectures 1-9) (Due: 9-29 )
MW 12.8, 12.11
Stationarity, homogeneity, isotropy; Photon localization
MW 12.10, 13.2; L2 3.6,6.6-8
Photon counting
Interaction of light with matter
14
10-6
M&W 9.1, 9.2, 9.3; L2 Ch1&2,4.7 Einstein A&B; Semiclassical theory; Field Commutators
15
10-8
M&W 14.1; L2 5.1
Atom-radiation interaction; Minimal coupling Hamiltonian;
Atomic second quantization
16
10-13 L2 5.8, 5.9
Schrodinger rep; Perturbative rates; Heisenberg Rep;
10-15 Fall break
17
10-20 MW 15.5, L2 5.11,5.12,5.14
Interaction picture calculations; Superfluoresence;
18
10-22
Derivation of optical Bloch equations
19
10-27
Damping mechanisms; Power broadening; Linewidths
20
10-29 Motion on the Bloch sphere; Pulse propagation; Maxwell-Bloch equations; Solitons;
21
11-3
Photon echoes; Super fluorescence; Superradiance; Optical bistability
22
11-5
Resonance fluorescence
23
11-10 Introduction to Quantum theory of damping
24
11-12 Master equation in number state basis; Fokker Planck equation; Langevin equation
Take-home midterm test 2 (Lectures 10-22) (Due: 11-18)
Entanglement
25
11-17
26
11-19
27
11-24
11-26
28
12-1
12-8
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox; Bell’s inequality; Transactional interpretation
Beam splitters; Interferometers;
Hong-Ou-Mandel & Franson experiments
Thanksgiving holiday
Introduction to Quantum Cryptography and Teleportation; Quantum Computing
Final Exam (Closed book)