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Fall 2015 Physics 610 Lloyd M. Davis Quantum Optics [email protected] 931-393-7335 Class Time: Tuesdays and Thursdays, 10:10-11:25 Central Time in Room E111 at UTSI and by interactive classroom link to UTK, 11:10-12:25 Eastern time in Room M103 at UT Knoxville. Course Content and Texts: Quantum Optics is a rapidly developing field that has become quite extensive (see “Map of Quantum Optics” given below) and pervasive into many other areas of modern physics. In this course we will not follow any one text but will use material from a number of texts, which are listed below, as well as some papers from the literature. However, we will begin the course by following text book No. 1—Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics, by Mandel and Wolf, which you are recommended to purchase. In October 1995, Leonard Mandel (now deceased) and Emil Wolf from the University of Rochester published a treatise that encompasses a very broad range of topics, both in the classical and quantum theories of light. Topics on the classical theory of light propagation and on the coherence of light, the research specialty of Wolf, are treated in detail in the first 9 chapters. In this course, we will touch only briefly on classical coherence theory. Most of the lectures will cover material on the fully-quantum mechanical description of the radiation field and its interaction with matter, as treated in the later chapters. We begin at chapter 10, in which Maxwell’s equations are quantized, and we then proceed to consider various properties, measurements, and physical states of the quantized radiation field, including states that have no classical counterpart. A current area of interest in quantum optics, and in fundamental quantum theory, relates to “entangled two-photon states”, and Bell’s inequality. Mandel was an expert in this area, and his chapter 10 on the quantization of Maxwell’s equations seems to be slanted towards giving a very thorough foundation for covering such topics. In this course we will not follow section by section through Mandel and Wolf’s text, but instead we will attempt to present a broader perspective by skipping some of the more specialized sections and embedding material from other texts and articles from the literature. In particular, some of the lecture notes and some problems will be drawn from Loudon’s texts “The Quantum Theory of Light”, now in its third edition, and from other texts listed below. Also, some use will be made of Eberly and Allen’s short treatise on the two-level atom, first published in 1975 and now available on kindle, and of other now-classic texts. Some classes will include problems that will be performed as worked examples. There will also be problems set for homework each class. These set problems are due to be scanned and e-mailed to me before the next class, unless otherwise specified. Model answers will be provided, usually at the next class. Many references from the texts and the literature will be given for background reading. A course outline is given below. This is tentative and will likely be changed to incorporate material from recent texts on Quantum Optics, especially by Garrison and Chiao (No. 3, below), Agrawal (No. 15, below), and Haroche (No. 16, below). Grades: Homework assignments: Midterm test 1: Midterm test 2: Final exam: 50 % 15 % 15 % 20 % Recommended Prerequisite courses/background: Quantum Mechanics, Maths Methods, Electrodynamics, Classical Optics, Classical Mechanics Texts: 1. MW=Mandel and Wolf (1995) “Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics” (*Recommended to purchase) http://www.amazon.com/Optical-Coherence-Quantum-Optics-Leonard/dp/0521417112/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241028296&sr=1-1 2. FX=Fox (2006) “Quantum Optics: An Introduction” (Undergraduate level; Recommended for summer reading) http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Optics-Introduction-Oxford-Physics/dp/0198566735/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241032576&sr=1-2 3. GC=Garrison and Chiao (2008) “Quantum Optics” http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Optics-Oxford-Graduate-Texts/dp/0198508867/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241031018&sr=1-1 4. WM=Walls and Milburn (a:1994, b:2008) “Quantum Optics” http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Optics-D-F-Walls/dp/3540285733/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241031075&sr=1-1 5. SZ=Scully and Zubairy (1997) “Quantum Optics” http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Optics-Marlan-O-Scully/dp/0521435951/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241030904&sr=1-1 6. MS=Meystre and Sargent (1990,2007) “Elements of Quantum Optics” http://www.amazon.com/Elements-Quantum-Optics-Pierre-Meystre/dp/3540742093/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241032140&sr=1-1# 7. BR=Bachor and Ralph (2004) “A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics” http://www.amazon.com/Guide-Experiments-Quantum-Optics/dp/3527403930/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241032689&sr=1-1 8. NC=Nielsen and Chuang (2000) “Quantum Computation and Quantum Information” http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Computation-Information-Michael-Nielsen/dp/0521635039/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241035387&sr=1-1 9. L3=Loudon, 3rd edn (2000) “The Quantum Theory of Light” http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Theory-Oxford-Science-Publications/dp/0198501765/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241035436&sr=1-1 10. L2=Loudon, 2nd edn (1983) “The Quantum Theory of Light” 11. L1=Loudon, 1st edn (1973) “The Quantum Theory of Light” 12. EA=Eberly and Allen (1975; now on kindle) “Optical Resonance and Two-Level Atoms” http://www.amazon.com/Optical-Resonance-Two-Level-Atoms-Physics-ebook/dp/B00A73J1W8/ref=dp_kinw_strp_1 13. KS=Klauder & Sudarshan (1968; reprinted 2006) “Fundamentals of Quantum Optics” http://www.amazon.com/Fundamentals-Quantum-Optics-Dover-Physics/dp/0486450082/ref=la_B001HPJSZ0_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1426782416&sr=1-1 14. GK=Gerry and Knight (2005) “Introductory Quantum Optics” http://www.amazon.com/Introductory-Quantum-Optics-Christopher-Gerry/dp/052152735X/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241035672&sr=1-5# 15. GA=Girish Agrawal (Dec 28, 2012) “Quantum Optics” http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Optics-Girish-S-Agarwal/dp/1107006406/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1426782937&sr=1-1 16. SH=Serge Haroche (2006) “Exploring the Quantum: Atoms, Cavities, and Photons” http://www.amazon.com/Exploring-Quantum-Cavities-Photons-Graduate/dp/0198509146 Quantum Optics Lecture Fall 2015 Date Topics States of the Quantized Radiation Field 1 8-20 MW 10.1-3 2 8-25 MW 10.4-6 3 8-27 MW 10.7 4 9-1 MW 11.1-4 5 9-3 MW 11.5, 21.0-7;L3 4.7 6 9-8 L3 4.6; MW 13.1-3 7 9-10 MW 11.6-9; WMa 4.2 Coherence 8 9-15 9 9-17 10 9-22 11 9-24 12 13 9-29 10-1 Tentative Course Outline (prepared 3-19-15) Quantization of Maxwell’s equations Fock states, linear and angular momentum Phase in quantum optics Coherent states Quantum dynamics; Squeezed states Mixed States; Chaotic State Coherent state representation WMa 3.1-5; MW 12.1-3; L2 6.1-2 Young’s experiment; First order coherence MW 12.4; L2 6.3-5; Higher order coherence L2 6.4,6.5; MW 4.3.2,8.3,2.4.4 Cross-spectral density; Hanburry-Brown Twiss; MW 4.4, 5.3, 5.4, 5.8 Propagation of coherence; Spectral change with propagation Take-home midterm test 1 (Lectures 1-9) (Due: 9-29 ) MW 12.8, 12.11 Stationarity, homogeneity, isotropy; Photon localization MW 12.10, 13.2; L2 3.6,6.6-8 Photon counting Interaction of light with matter 14 10-6 M&W 9.1, 9.2, 9.3; L2 Ch1&2,4.7 Einstein A&B; Semiclassical theory; Field Commutators 15 10-8 M&W 14.1; L2 5.1 Atom-radiation interaction; Minimal coupling Hamiltonian; Atomic second quantization 16 10-13 L2 5.8, 5.9 Schrodinger rep; Perturbative rates; Heisenberg Rep; 10-15 Fall break 17 10-20 MW 15.5, L2 5.11,5.12,5.14 Interaction picture calculations; Superfluoresence; 18 10-22 Derivation of optical Bloch equations 19 10-27 Damping mechanisms; Power broadening; Linewidths 20 10-29 Motion on the Bloch sphere; Pulse propagation; Maxwell-Bloch equations; Solitons; 21 11-3 Photon echoes; Super fluorescence; Superradiance; Optical bistability 22 11-5 Resonance fluorescence 23 11-10 Introduction to Quantum theory of damping 24 11-12 Master equation in number state basis; Fokker Planck equation; Langevin equation Take-home midterm test 2 (Lectures 10-22) (Due: 11-18) Entanglement 25 11-17 26 11-19 27 11-24 11-26 28 12-1 12-8 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox; Bell’s inequality; Transactional interpretation Beam splitters; Interferometers; Hong-Ou-Mandel & Franson experiments Thanksgiving holiday Introduction to Quantum Cryptography and Teleportation; Quantum Computing Final Exam (Closed book)