Download 15PsychologicalDisorders

15 – Psychological disorders
When does behavior become mental
illness?
What is your experience?
A. I have been diagnosed with a
psychological disorder.
B. I suspect I may have one.
C. I have not been diagnosed,
nor do I suspect that I have a
disorder.
What is your experience?
I know someone who has a disorder.
A. Yes
B. No
Is this abnormal?
Sam is afraid of snakes.
A. Normal
B. Abnormal
Is this abnormal?
Sally is vaguely dissatisfied because she
feels that she is not living up to her
potential.
A. Normal
B. Abnormal
Is this abnormal?
Sandy has been plotting to assassinate the
governor the next time he appears locally.
A. Normal
B. Abnormal
Is this abnormal?
Valencia has visions and hallucinations that
she often uses to guide her important
decisions.
A. Normal
B. Abnormal
Class presentation video:
Psychological disorders
What topics do you need help with?
What topics do you need help with?
•
•
•
•
•
A. What does the DSM do?
B. The effect of diagnostic labels
C. Phobias
D. Panic attack
E. I understand
What topics do you need help with?
•
•
•
•
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A. Depression symptoms
B. Bipolar disorder
C. Delusions & hallucinations
D. Schizophrenia’s “word salad”
E. I understand
What topics do you need help with?
•
•
•
•
A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B. PTSD symptoms
C. Dissociative disorder
D. I understand
What topics do you need help with?
• A. Catatonic schizophrenia
• B. Antisocial personality disorder
• C. I understand
Ryan’s social phobia has led him to
lose jobs and relationships. In this
case, Ryan has a disorder because his
behavior is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
dangerous.
common.
medically based.
dysfunctional.
Ryan’s social phobia has led him to
lose jobs and relationships. In this
case, Ryan has a disorder because his
behavior is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
dangerous.
common.
medically based.
dysfunctional.
The DSM is a diagnostic guide that:
A. describes psychological disorders and their
prevalence.
B. describes psychological disorders and their
causes.
C. describes only disorders that have medical
causes.
D. has been shown to have poor reliability and
validity.
The DSM is a diagnostic guide that:
A. describes psychological disorders and
their prevalence.
B. describes psychological disorders and their
causes.
C. describes only disorders that have medical
causes.
D. has been shown to have poor reliability and
validity.
Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack
that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari
suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent
nightmares of the event that render him
incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is
most clearly showing signs of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
generalized anxiety disorder.
post-traumatic stress disorder.
dysthymic disorder.
Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack
that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari
suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent
nightmares of the event that render him
incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is
most clearly showing signs of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
generalized anxiety disorder.
post-traumatic stress disorder.
dysthymic disorder.
From a learning perspective, phobias
likely develop as a result of
___________, and ____________ helps
to maintain them.
A.
B.
C.
D.
operant conditioning; observational learning
classical conditioning; reinforcement
operant conditioning; reinforcement
classical conditioning; observational
learning
From a learning perspective, phobias
likely develop as a result of
___________, and ____________ helps
to maintain them.
A.
B.
C.
D.
operant conditioning; observational learning
classical conditioning; reinforcement
operant conditioning; reinforcement
classical conditioning; observational
learning
Elaine feels that her life is empty. She has
lost all interest in her career and hobbies,
and wonders if she would be better off dead.
She is most likely suffering from:
A.
B.
C.
D.
a dissociative identity disorder.
a generalized anxiety disorder.
an antisocial personality disorder.
a mood disorder.
Elaine feels that her life is empty. She has
lost all interest in her career and hobbies,
and wonders if she would be better off dead.
She is most likely suffering from:
A.
B.
C.
D.
a dissociative identity disorder.
a generalized anxiety disorder.
an antisocial personality disorder.
a mood disorder.
Mr. James believes that people are
constantly laughing at him and that FBI
agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr.
James is most clearly suffering from:
A.
B.
C.
D.
compulsions.
catatonia.
delusions.
hallucinations.
Mr. James believes that people are
constantly laughing at him and that FBI
agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr.
James is most clearly suffering from:
A.
B.
C.
D.
compulsions.
catatonia.
delusions.
hallucinations.
Brandy, who tends to have a pessimistic
explanatory style, learns that she earned a
poor grade on her psychology exam. Which
attribution is most likely to help her cope
without becoming depressed?
A. “I’ll always be a poor student.”
B. “The teacher gave a particularly hard exam this time.”
C. “Of course my grade is bad, since I can’t do anything
right.”
D. “Once again I proved that I just don’t know how to
study.”
Brandy, who tends to have a pessimistic
explanatory style, learns that she earned a
poor grade on her psychology exam. Which
attribution is most likely to help her cope
without becoming depressed?
A. “I’ll always be a poor student.”
B. “The teacher gave a particularly hard exam this time.”
C. “Of course my grade is bad, since I can’t do anything
right.”
D. “Once again I proved that I just don’t know how to study.”
What do you think?
A student in the early 1990s was expelled for plagiarism
at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He
claimed that he had multiple personalities, and one of
the other personalities plagiarized without him (the
dominant personality) knowing about it.
He should be reinstated.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
I strongly agree
I agree
I am neutral
I disagree
I strongly disagree
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009
What do you think?
A student in the early 1990s was expelled for plagiarism
at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He
claimed that he had multiple personalities, and one of
the other personalities plagiarized without him (the
dominant personality) knowing about it.
He should be reinstated.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
I strongly agree
I agree
I am neutral
I disagree
I strongly disagree
Which of the following is a sufficient criterion for judging
behavioral abnormality?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The behavior is not common statistically.
The behavior goes against social norms.
The behavior causes subjective discomfort.
The behavior causes an inability to function from
day to day.
The behavior causes emotional distress.
Which of the following is a sufficient criterion for judging
behavioral abnormality?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The behavior is not common statistically.
The behavior goes against social norms.
The behavior causes subjective discomfort.
The behavior causes an inability to function
from day to day.
The behavior causes emotional distress.
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
Biological models for explaining psychological disorders
may investigate all the following factors EXCEPT:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Genetics
Imbalance of certain neurotransmitters
Brain damage
Effects of toxins (e.g., lead) on brain development and
psychological functioning
Parenting styles and their effects on the psychological
development of children
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
Biological models for explaining psychological disorders
may investigate all the following factors EXCEPT:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Genetics
Imbalance of certain neurotransmitters
Brain damage
Effects of toxins (e.g., lead) on brain development and
psychological functioning
Parenting styles and their effects on the
psychological development of children
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
One morning, a student suddenly feels an intense rush of
anxiety, dizziness, heart palpitations, shortness of breath,
and a fear of going crazy that is accompanied by a sense
of detachment from her body. This episode lasts about
fifteen minutes and is followed by exhaustion. Your
diagnosis should be
1. Panic disorder.
2. Generalized anxiety disorder.
3. Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
4. Phobic disorder.
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
One morning, a student suddenly feels an intense rush of
anxiety, dizziness, heart palpitations, shortness of breath,
and a fear of going crazy that is accompanied by a sense
of detachment from her body. This episode lasts about
fifteen minutes and is followed by exhaustion. Your
diagnosis should be
1. Panic disorder.
2. Generalized anxiety disorder.
3. Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
4. Phobic disorder.
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
Anxiety that seems to have no real source, consists of
excessive worrying, and is associated with physical
symptoms such as difficulty concentrating, irritability, and
sleeping problems is called:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Panic disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Phobia
Agoraphobia
Generalized anxiety disorder
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
Anxiety that seems to have no real source, consists of
excessive worrying, and is associated with physical
symptoms such as difficulty concentrating, irritability, and
sleeping problems is called:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Panic disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Phobia
Agoraphobia
Generalized anxiety disorder
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
The intrusion into consciousness of persistent, often
disturbing thoughts, is known as a(n)
1. Compulsion.
2. Anxiety attack.
3. Obsession.
4. Phobia.
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
The intrusion into consciousness of persistent, often
disturbing thoughts, is known as a(n)
1. Compulsion.
2. Anxiety attack.
3. Obsession.
4. Phobia.
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
A psychologist has a patient that believes that they are
being controlled by outside forces, such as the devil. This
patient is likely to be suffering from what?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Delusions of reference
Delusions of influence
Delusions of persecution
Delusions of grandeur
Delusions of jealousy
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
A psychologist has a patient that believes that they are
being controlled by outside forces, such as the devil. This
patient is likely to be suffering from what?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Delusions of reference
Delusions of influence
Delusions of persecution
Delusions of grandeur
Delusions of jealousy
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
Which of the following mood disorders is most closely
associated with disruptions in the circadian clock?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bipolar disorder
Seasonal affective disorder
Major depression
Dysthymia
Mania
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
Which of the following mood disorders is most closely
associated with disruptions in the circadian clock?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bipolar disorder
Seasonal affective disorder
Major depression
Dysthymia
Mania
Discussion Question
Discussion Questions
1. Do you have any symptoms of being obsessive – compulsive or depressed? What were they?
Can you give an example?
2. How would you decide what is “normal” and what is a mental illness?
3. Do you think psychologists should concentrate more on helping people to increase their
strengths (e.g. love or courage) or reduce their emotional disorders (e.g. depression), or do
they go together?
4. How would you define mental illness? Is it a physical brain structure or just someone who
acts or thinks differently than the rest of us, or something else?
5. When does a normal concern about something such as germs and washing your hands
become an obsession or a compulsion?
6. Why does one person have a fear of heights and another does not? What things are you
afraid of? How does it interfere with your life?
7. If we find more physical changes in the brains of schizophrenics or criminals with PET scans,
how could that change our treatments?