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Chapter 14 April 1, 2008 THE ROMAN REPUBLIC Background Information 509 B.C. Romans overthrew Tarquin the Proud Romans set up a republic, or a form of government in which the people choose their rulers Romans were divided into two social classes: patricians (rich families) and plebeians (poor, usually farmers and artisans) Patricians 10% of population Performed religious rituals Could hold public office Plebeians Citizens Paid taxes Served in army Could NOT marry patricians or serve in the government Could be sold into slavery if in debt The Government Consuls Heads of the Roman Republic Were chosen each year Administrators and military leaders Power of veto Both had to agree before law was passed 300Senate men Chosen for life Handled daily problems of the government Advised the consuls Proposed laws Approved public contracts for building roads and temples Judges, Assemblies, and Tribunes Protected the rights of plebeians All Roman citizens belonged to Assemblies Could declare war Could agree to peace terms The Twelve Tables 450 B.C. Laws were carved on 12 bronze tables Foundation for all Roman Law Placed in the Forum Applied to patricians and plebeians Included wills, property rights, marriage customs, punishment for crimes and court actions Review Questions What were some restrictions placed on the plebeians during the early years of the Roman Republic? Who belonged to the Roman Assemblies? Why do you think it was important for the Romans to have laws written down?