Download Chapter 5: Rome and the Rise of Christianity

DO NOW
WHAT ROLE DID GEOGRAPHY PLAY
IN THE PROSPERITY AND
DEFENSIBILITY OF ROME?
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGE 150 IN THE SECTION TITLED
“THE IMPACT OF GEOGRAPHY”
DO NOW
WHAT ROLE DID GEOGRAPHY PLAY
IN THE PROSPERITY AND
DEFENSIBILITY OF ROME?
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGE 127 IN THE SECTION TITLED
“EARLY ROME AND THE REPUBLIC”
DO NOW
Look at the map on page 150. Read
the second paragraph on page 150.
How did Rome’s location help the
Latins conquer Italy?
DO NOW
GET READY TO PRESENT YOUR
SKIT!!!!!!!
AFTER THE PRESENTATION WE ARE
GOING TO PLAY A REVIEW GAME
COVERING YOUR TEST OVER
CHAPTER 4 AND 5!!!!!
YOUR TEST IS TOMORROW
STUDY STUDY STUDY STUDY
STUDY
Chapter 5: Rome and the Rise
of Christianity
Section 1: The Rise of Rome
1. Geography of
Italy
1. Apennines
mountains were
less rugged and
did not divide the
Italian peninsula
into many small,
isolated
communities like
the Greek citystates
People’s of Italy
2. Latins
3. Etruscans
2. Indo-European
peoples who were
farmers and
herders
3. after 650 B.C.
they expanded into
north-central Italy
and came to
control Rome
Eventually, the Romans are going to
overthrow the Etruscans and establish a
republic
4. republic
5. war and
conquest
4. government in
which the leader is
not a monarch and
certain citizens
have the right to
vote
5. at the beginning
of the republic
Rome was
surrounded by
enemies (Greece,
Etruscans, Latium)
Romans believed that their early ancestors
were successful because of their sense of
duty, courage, and discipline.
6. Livy
6. Roman historian
who provided a
number of stories
to teach Romans
the virtues that
made Rome great
Why was Rome Successful
7. good diplomats
8. excelled in the
military
9. laws and politics
7. allowed states to
run their own
internal affairs
8. were both
accomplished and
persistent soldiers
9. created political
institutions in
response to
problems
The Romans had been ruled by kings under the
Etruscans. As a result, they distrusted kingship
and devised a very different system of
government.
10. patricians
11. plebeians
10. were great
landowners, who
became Rome’s
ruling class
11. craftspeople,
merchants, small
farmers were part
of larger group
DO NOW
WHAT WERE THE THREE MAJOR
FACTORS THAT MADE ROME A
SUCCESSFUL EMPIRE WITHIN THE
MEDITERRANEAN WORLD??????
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGE 151 UNDER THE SECTION
TITLED “WAR AND CONQUEST” AND
“WHY ROME WAS SUCCESSFUL”
DO NOW
WHAT WERE THE THREE MAJOR
FACTORS THAT MADE ROME A
SUCCESSFUL EMPIRE WITHIN THE
MEDITERRANEAN WORLD??????
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOK ON
PAGES 128-129 UNDER THE
SECTION TITLED “THE ROMAN
CONQUEST OF ITALY”
Men in both groups were citizens and could vote,
but only patricians could be elected to government
offices. The chief executive offices of the Roman
Republic were the consuls and praetors.
12. consuls
12. two were
chosen every year
ran the
government and
led army into
battle
13. praetor
13. was in charge
of Roman law as it
applied to Roman
citizens
The Roman Senate came to hold an
especially important position in the Roman
Republic.
14. Senate
14. a select group
of about 300
patricians who will
end up holding the
force of law
(served for life)
15. council of plebs
15. a popular
assembly for
plebeians only
Tribunes of the plebs were given to
protect the power of the plebeians.
16. Twelve Tables
17. Law of Nations
16. Rome’s first
code of laws only
applied to Roman
citizens
17. universal law
based on reason
that applied to
both citizens and
non-citizens
Rome Conquers the Mediterranean: After their conquest of
Italy, the Romans found themselves face to face with a
strong power in the Mediterranean, the state of Carthage
18. First Punic War
18. Rome battled
the state of
Carthage to win
the territory of
Sicily
19. Second Punic
War
19. Carthage
vowed revenge and
Hannibal (famous
general) struck
back
Fifty years later, the Romans fought their
third and final struggle with Carthage in the
Third Punic War.
20. Third Punic
War
20. Carthage
became a Roman
province called
Africa
Rome called for the
complete
destruction of
Carthage and did
so
Producing a skit of an ancient
Greek marketplace:
You are going to be divided up into groups of
two and write and produce a skit that shows
typical activity in an ancient Greek
marketplace. Assigned groups will handle the
various activities: script writing; designing
and producing a simple set, costumes,
program, and promotional materials, acting,
and directing. You need to include a variety
of people in the skit: women, slaves, children,
aristocrats, artisans, and merchants. The skit
should clearly convey the operation of
democracy in the polis through action and
words. After the presentation, I along with
your classmates will assess the skit to
determine if this goal was accomplished.
DO NOW
EXPLAIN HOW THE ROMANS WERE
SO SUCCESSFUL WITH CREATING
THEIR VAST EMPIRE.
READ PAGE 151 IN THE SECTION
TITLED “WHY ROME WAS
SUCCESSFUL”
DO NOW
EXPLAIN HOW THE ROMANS WERE
SO SUCCESSFUL WITH CREATING
THEIR VAST EMPIRE.
READ PAGES 128-129 IN THE
SECTION TITLED “THE ROMAN
REPUBLIC”
DO NOW
OPEN YOUR BOOKS TO PAGE 161
AND LOOK AT THE MAP AT THE TOP
OF THE PAGE. ANSWER QUESTION
#2 ON THE GEOGRAPHY SKILLS.
DO NOW
EXPLAIN THE TYPE OF GOVERNMENT
THAT ROME HAD. WHAT WAS THE
IMPORTANCE OF THE SENATE AND
OTHER ASSEMBLIES TO THE ROMAN
REPUBLIC? HOW DID THE DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN PLEBEIANS AND PATRICIANS
PREVENT ROME FROM BECOMING A TRUE
DEMOCRACY?
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGES 152-153 UNDER THE SECTION
TITLED “THE ROMAN STATE”
DO NOW
EXPLAIN THE TYPE OF GOVERNMENT THAT
ROME HAD. WHAT WAS THE IMPORTANCE OF
THE SENATE AND OTHER ASSEMBLIES TO THE
ROMAN REPUBLIC? HOW DID THE
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLEBEIANS AND
PATRICIANS PREVENT ROME FROM BECOMING
A TRUE DEMOCRACY?
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON PAGES
129-131 UNDER THE SECTIONS TITLED
“THE ROMAN STATE” AND “THE STRUGGLE
OF ORDERS: SOCIAL DIVISIONS IN THE
ROMAN REPUBLIC”
Roman Expansion:
http://www.glencoe.com/sites/commo
n_assets/socialstudies/in_motion_08
/jat/p_138.swf
Section 2: From Republic to Empire
By the second century B.C., the Senate had become
the real governing body of the Roman state. Members
of the Senate were drawn mostly from the landed
aristocracy. They remained senators for life and held
the chief offices of the republic. The Senate directed
the wars of the third and second centuries B.C. and
took control of both foreign and domestic policy,
including financial affairs. The Senate and political
affairs were increasingly controlled by a small circle of
wealthy and powerful families.
Of course, these aristocrats formed only a tiny minority
of the Roman people. The backbone of the Roman
state and army had always been the small farmers.
Roman Empire: Trade and Expansion
Height of the Roman Empire, A.D. 200
Over a period of time, however, many small farmers had found
themselves unable to compete with large, wealthy landowners
and had lost their lands. As a result, many of these small farmers
drifted to the cities, especially to Rome, forming a large class of
landed poor.
1. Growing inequality
and Unrest
2. a new role for the
army (107 B.C.E.)
1. the Senate became
the real governing body
made up of wealthy
aristocrats
2. Roman generals
recruited volunteers
from the poor who
owned no property and
promised them land
Marius left a powerful legacy. He had created a new
system of military recruitment that placed much power
in the hands of the individual generals. Lucius
Cornelius Sulla was the next general to take advantage
of the new military system. The Senate gave him
command of a war in Asia Minor. The council of the
plebs tried to transfer command to Marius, and a civil
war broke out. Sulla won and seized Rome itself in 82
B.C., conducting a reign of terror to wipe out all
opposition. Then Sulla restored power to the hands of
the Senate and eliminated most of the power of the
popular assemblies.
Sulla hoped that he had created a firm foundation to
restore a traditional Roman republic governed by a
powerful Senate. His legacy was quite different from
what he had intended, however. His example of using
an army to seize power would prove most attractive to
ambitious men.
The Collapse of the Republic: For the next 50 yrs
Roman history was characterized by civil wars as a
number of individuals competed for power. Three
men—Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar emerged as
the victors.
3. trimverate
4. Caesar
3. a government by
three people with equal
power
4. was made dictator of
Rome 45 B.C. after the
death of Crassus (53
B.C.) in battle and the
defeat of Pompey (48
B.C.E.)
Caesar was officially made dictator in 45 B.C.E.. A dictator is an
absolute ruler. Realzing the need for reforms, Caesar gave land
to the poor and increased the Senate to 900 members. By filling it
with many of his supporters and increasing the number of
members, he weakened the power of the Senate. Caesar
planned much more in the way of building projects and military
adventures to the east. However, in 44 B.C.E. a group of leading
senators assassinated him.
5. dictator
6. Caesar
assassinated
5. an absolute ruler
6. by a group of leading
senators in 44 B.C.E.
Lead by Gaius Crassus and
his trusted friend Marcus
Brutus
A new struggle for power followed Caesar’s death. Three men—Octavian
Caesar’s heir and grandnephew; Antony, Caesar’s ally and assistant; and
Lepidus, who had been commander of Caesar’s cavalry—joined forces to
form the Second Triumvirate. Within a few years after Caesar’s death,
however, only two men divided the Roman world between them. Octavian
took the west; Antony took the east. The empire of the Romans, large as
it was, was still too small for two masters. Octavian and Antony soon
came into conflict. Antony allied himself with the Egyptian queen
Cleopatra VII. Like Caesar before him, Antony had fallen deeply in love
with her. At the battle of Actium in Greece in 31 B.C.E., Octavian’s forces
smashed the army and the navy of Antony and Cleopatra. Both fled to
Egypt, where they committed suicide a year later.
7. The Second
Triumvirate
7. Octavian (Caesar’s
grand-nephew); Antony
(Caesar’s ally); Lepidus
(commander of
Caesar’s cavalry)
Within a few years after Caesar’s
death, however, only two men divided
the Roman world between them.
Octavian took the west and Antony,
the east. They soon came into
conflict with one another. Antony
allied himself with the Egyptian queen
Cleopatra VII. They were both
defeated by Octavian’s army at the
Battle of Actuim in Greece in 31 B.C.
Both fled to Egypt, where they
committed suicide a year later.
DO NOW
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A
REPUBLIC AND AN EMPIRE????????
HOW DOES A NEW ROLE FOR THE ARMY
IN ROME CAUSE ROME TO CHANGE
FROM A REPUBLIC TO AN EMPIRE????
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGES 157-158 IN THE SECTIONS
TITLED “A NEW ROLE FOR THE
ARMY” AND “THE COLLAPSE OF THE
REPUBLIC”
DO NOW
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A
REPUBLIC AND AN EMPIRE????????
HOW DOES A NEW ROLE FOR THE ARMY
IN ROME CAUSE ROME TO CHANGE
FROM A REPUBLIC TO AN EMPIRE????
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGES 133-135 IN THE SECTIONS
TITLED “A NEW ROLE FOR THE
ROMAN ARMY” AND “THE COLLAPSE
OF THE REPUBLIC”
The Age of Augustus
In 27 B.C.E., Octavian proclaimed the
“restoration of the Republic”. He knew
that only traditional republican forms
would satisfy the Senate. At the same
time, he was aware that the republic
could not be fully restored. Although he
gave some power to the Senate, Octavian
in fact became the first Roman emperor.
In 27 B.C.E., the Senate awarded him the
title of Augustus “the revered one” a
fitting title in view of his power.
Octavian became the first Roman Emperor and was titled Augustus. Octavian
proclaimed the “restoration of the Republic”. Although he gave some power to
the Senate he was aware that the republic could not be fully restored.
Augustus proved to be highly popular, but his continuing control of the army
was the chief source of his power. The Senate gave Augustus the title
imperator, or commander in chief. Imperator gave us our word emperor.
8. Octavian
(Augustus) (31
B.C.E.-14 C.E.)
9. imperator
10. Bad emperors
8. first Roman Emperor
“the revered one”
9. commander in chief
10. relatives of Augustus
took more power from
senate and became
corrupt; ex: Nero
DO NOW
READ THE SHORT EXCERPT AT THE
TOP OF PAGE 154 ABOUT HANNIBAL.
WHO WAS HANNIBAL AND WHAT
WAS HIS FATE?
DO NOW
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
A REPUBLIC AND AN
EMPIRE????????
HOW DOES ROME CHANGE FROM A
REPUBLIC TO AN EMPIRE????
DO NOW
WHY DID THE ROMAN DEFEAT IN
GERMANY DEVASTATE AUGUSTUS?
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGE 159 UNDER THE SECTION
TITLED “THE AGE OF AUGUSTUS”
At the beginning of the second century, a series of five so-called
good emperors came to power. Created a period of peace and
prosperity known as the Pax Romana. These rulers treated the
ruling class with respect, ended arbitrary executions, maintained
peace in the empire, and supported domestic policies generally
helpful to the empire. By adopting capable men as their sons and
successors, the first four good emperors reduced the chances of
succession problems.
11. Pax Romana
(27 B.C.E.-180
C.E.)
12. extent of the
empire
11. Roman peace; lead by
the Five Good Emperors
12. covered about three
and a half million square
miles; population
estimated at more than 50
million
The early empire was a period of much prosperity, with internal peace leading
to high levels of trade. Trade went beyond the Roman frontiers as well and
included even silk goods from China. Large quantities of grain were imported,
especially from Egypt, to feed the people of Rome. Luxury items poured in to
satisfy the wealthy upper classes.
13. economic and
social conditions
13. farming; trade
and commerce
Internal peace led
to high levels of
trade throughout
the entire empire.
Trade went beyond
Roman boarders.
Included even silk
goods from China
Roman Empire: Trade and Expansion
Height of the Roman Empire, C.E. 200
Rome’s economic prosperity
Despite the active trade and commerce,
however, farming remained the chief
occupation of most people and the
underlying basis of Roman prosperity.
Large landed estates called latifundia
dominated farming in southern and
central Italy. These estates raised sheep
and cattle on a large scale using mostly
slave labor. Small peasant farms
continued to exist in northern Italy.
An enormous gulf separated rich and poor in Roman society. The
upper class lived lives of great leisure and luxury in their villas and
on their vast estates. Small farmers often became dependent on
the huge estates of their wealthy neighbors. In the cities, many
poor citizens worked in shops and markets. Thousands of
unemployed people depended on the emperor’s handouts of grain
to survive.
14. latifundia
14. large landed estates
which raised sheep and
cattle on a large scale
using mostly slave labor
ASSIGNMENTS:
Homework pages 162 #’s 4-6 due
wed (11/26)
Intervening quiz tomorrow (11/25)
Project is due (tue 12/2)
DO NOW
OPEN YOUR BOOKS TO PAGE 166167 TO THE SECTION THE WAY IT
WAS: SPORTS & CONTESTS. READ
THE SECTION AND ANSWER THE
TWO FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
1. WHAT WAS THE APPEAL OF
GLADIATORIAL CONTESTS?
2. EXPLAIN HOW THE GAMES
SATISFIED THE RULING CLASSES
POLITICAL PURPOSES.
The Roman’s excelled in architecture, a highly practical
art. Although they continued to use Greek styles such
as colonnades and rectangular buildings, the Romans
also used forms based on curved lines: the arch, the
vault and dome. The Romans were the first people in
antiquity to use concrete on a massive scale. Using
concrete along with the new architectural forms made
it possible for the Romans to construct huge buildings
undreamed of by the Greeks.
The remarkable engineering skills of the Romans were
also put to use in constructing roads, bridges, and
aqueducts. The Romans built a network of some
50,000 miles of roads throughout the empire. In
Rome, almost a dozen aqueducts kept a population of
one million supplied with water. The Romans were
superb builders.
Section 3: Culture and Society in the
Roman World
1. Roman
Architecture
1. were the first to use
concrete on a massive
scales (roads, bridges,
and aqueducts)
Aqueducts kept a
population of one million
supplied with water.
Roman Colosseum
Roman Literature: The Augustus Age was
seen as the golden age of Latin literature
2. Virgil
2. famous poet
who wrote the
Aeneid
(characterized the
ideal Roman with
virtues of duty,
piety, and
faithfullness)
3. Horace
3. famous poet
whose poetry
laughs at human
weakness
4. Livy
4. famous Roman
historian whose
masterpiece was
the History of
Rome in 142 Books
Livy had a serious
weakness as a
historian: he was
not always
concerned about
the factual
accuracy of his
stories
The Roman Family: at the heart of the Roman
structure stood the family, headed by the
paterfamilias
5. paterfamilias
6. boys and girls
5. the dominant
male (patriarch)
6. were expected
to learn to read
(had to learn
Greek and Latin)
The father could
teach the children
himself, or he
could acquire a
teacher for them
Attitudes towards women: Like the Greeks, Roman
males believed that the weakness of females
made it necessary for women to have male
guardians.
7. marriage
7. for females, the
legal minimum age
was 12, for males,
14
Both men and
women could ask
for divorce
Changing Roles
By the second century A.D. important
changes were occurring in the Roman
family. The paterfamilias no longer had
absolute authority over his children nor his
wife. Women were no longer required to
have guardians. Women now had the
right to own, inherit, and sell property.
Outside their homes, upper-class women
could attend races, the theatre, and
events in the amphitheater. Women could
not participate in politics; however, a
number of important women influenced
politics through their husbands.
Slavery: Life as a slave in Rome was pitiful. One
Roman writer argued that it was cheaper to work
slaves to death and then replace them than to treat
them well.
8. slaves
8. Greek slaves
were in high
demand as tutors
musicians, doctors,
and artists
Slaves of other
nationalities were
used as cooks,
cleaners,
gardeners
An enormous gulf existed between rich and poor.
The rich had comfortable villas, while the poor
lived in apartment blocks called insulae
9. Living conditions
10. insulae
9. Rome was an
overcrowded and
noisy city
10. apartment
blocks where the
poor lived
constructed with
concrete walls with
wooden beam
floors
QUIZ ESSAY #1
WHAT WERE THE THREE THINGS
THAT MADE ROME A SUCCESSFUL
EMPIRE WITHIN THE
MEDITERRANEAN WORLD??????
EXPLAIN HOW THE ROMANS WERE
SO SUCCESSFUL WITH CREATING
THEIR VAST EMPIRE.
DO NOW
WHAT KIND OF TECHNOLOGY DO
YOU USE DAILY. WHAT DO YOU USE
TECHNOLOGY FOR? HOW DO YOU
THINK THE WORLD WOULD
FUNCTION IF THE INTERNET WAS
TAKEN AWAY?????????
DO NOW
LOOK AT THE TOP OF PAGE 170 AT
THE CHART TITLED “GREEK AND
ROMAN GODS”
ANSWER THE QUESTION UNDER THE
CHART SKILLS BOX HIGHLIGHTED
APPLYING CHART SKILLS.
DO NOW
WHAT WAS THE APPEAL OF
GLADIATORIAL CONTESTS? HOW
DID THE GLADIATORIAL GAMES
SATISFY THE RULING CLASS’S
POLITICAL PURPOSES?
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGES 166-167 IN THE SECTION
TITLED “THE WAY IT WAS: SPORTS
AND CONTESTS; THE GLADIATORIAL
SHOWS.”
DO NOW
WHAT WAS THE APPEAL OF
GLADIATORIAL CONTESTS? HOW
DID THE GLADIATORIAL GAMES
SATISFY THE RULING CLASS’S
POLITICAL PURPOSES?
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGES 146-147 IN THE SECTION
TITLED “THE GLADIATORIAL
SHOWS.”
Section 4: The Development of
Christianity
Augustus brought back traditional festivals and
ceremonies to revive the Roman state religion,
which had declined during the turmoil of the late
Roman Republic. The official state religion
focused on the worship of a number of gods and
goddesses, including Jupiter, Juno, Minerva, and
Mars. (In addition, beginning with Augustus,
emperors were often officially made gods by the
Roman Senate, thus bolstering support for the
emperors.
Section 4: The Development of
Christianity
1. Roman (state
religion)
1. polytheistic;
emperors were
often made gods
by the Roman
Senate thus
bolstering support
for the emperors
Were tolerant of
other religions
especially
Hellenistic east
religions
The Jewish Background: Like many other Jews, they
waited for God to save Israel from oppression. The
Zealots, however, called for the violent overthrow of
Roman rule. In fact, a Jewish revolt began in A.D. 66
only to be crushed by the Romans four years later. The
Jewish temple in Jerusalem was destroyed.
2. Judea
2. was made a
Roman province
under the direction
of a procurator;
religion was
monotheistic
3. procurator
3. Roman official
A few decades before the revolt, a Jewish prophet
named Jesus traveled and preached throughout
Judea and neighboring Galilee.
4. Jesus
4. Jewish prophet who
believed his mission
was to complete the
salvation that God had
promised to Israel
Would preach that
Gods command was to
love God and to love
one another; his
preaching will
eventually lead to
controversy
Christianity began as a movement within Judaism.
After the reports that Jesus had overcome death,
the Christian movement won followers in
Jerusalem and throughout Judea and Galilee
5. Pontius Pilate
6. Simon Peter
5. procurator who
ordered Jesus’
crucifixion
6. was a follower of
Jesus during Jesus’
lifetime;
recognized as the
leader of the
apostles
Paul took the message of Jesus to the Gentiles
(non Jews) as well as to the Jews; spread
Christian communities throughout Asia Minor and
the Aegean Sea
7. Paul
7. highly educated
Jewish Roman
citizen who joined
the movement later
Taught that Jesus’
death made up for
the sins of all
humans
The teachings of early Christianity were passed on
orally. Written materials also appeared however.
Paul and other followers of Jesus had written
letters or epistles, outlining Christian beliefs
8. New Testament
9. Roman
persecution
8. written Gospels that
give a record of Jesus’
life and teachings;
second part of the
Christian bible
9. Romans viewed
Christians as harmful
to the Roman state
because they refused
to worship the state
gods and emperors
The Romans saw the Christians’ refusal to worship
Roman gods and goddesses as an act of treason,
punishable by death. The Roman government
began persecuting Christians during the reign of
Nero.
10. persecution
10. harassing, to
cause suffering
DO NOW
WHY DID THE ROMAN AUTHORITIES
FEAR JESUS?
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGES 170-173 IN THE SECTION
TITLED “THE RISE OF
CHRISTIANITY”
DO NOW
WHY DID THE ROMAN AUTHORITIES
FEAR JESUS?
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGES 151-152 IN THE SECTION
TITLED “THE RISE OF
CHRISTIANITY”
The Romans persecuted Christians in the first and second
centuries, but this did nothing to stop the growth of
Christianity. In fact, it did just the opposite, it strengthened
Christianity by forcing it to become more organized.
11. clergy
11. church leaders
12. laity
12. the regular
church members
13. Constantine
13. becomes the
first Christian
emperor, issues
the Edict of Milan
Although Christianity did not call for revolution, it
stressed a sense of spiritual equality for all people,
men, women, children, all classes, which was a
revolutionary idea.
14. Edict of Milan
15. Theodosius the
Great
14. document
which proclaimed
official tolerance of
Christianity
15. follows
Constantine and
adopts Christianity
as Rome’s official
religion
DO NOW
WHY WAS CHRISTIANITY ABLE TO
ATTRACT SO MANY FOLLOWERS?
WHY WAS IT SO MUCH MORE
APPEALING THAN ROME’S EARLIER
RELIGION?
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGES 173-174 IN THE SECTION
TITLED “THE TRIUMPH OF
CHRISTIANITY”
DO NOW
WHY WAS CHRISTIANITY ABLE TO
ATTRACT SO MANY FOLLOWERS?
WHY WAS IT SO MUCH MORE
APPEALING THAN ROME’S EARLIER
RELIGION?
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGES 154 IN THE SECTION TITLED
“THE TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY”
DO NOW
WHY WERE SO MANY PEOPLE
ATTRACTED TO CHRISTIANITY?
WHAT DID CHRISTIANITY OFFER TO
THE ROMANS THAT THE ROMAN
STATE RELIGION (WHICH WAS
POLYTHEISTIC) DID NOT?
Section 5: Decline and Fall
1. Marcus Aurelius
1. last of the five
good emperors
died and a period
of conflict followed
2. Economic
problems
2. labor shortage;
rise in inflation
3. plague
3. an epidemic
disease wiped out
1/10th of
population
Financial Strains made it difficult to
pay and enlist more soldiers
4. Mercenaries
4. Rome had to
rely on hiring
Germans to fight
under Roman
commanders
These soldiers did
not understand
Roman traditions
and had little
loyalty to either
the empire or the
emperors
The Roman Empire is split into two territories: The East
and The West. Constantine controlled the East while the
Western Roman Empire came under increasing pressure
from the invading Germanic tribes.
5. Visigoths
5. once allied with
Rome to fight off
the Huns (Asia)
revolted and
sacked Rome
Vandals too sacked
Rome and a series
of German
kingdoms replaced
the Western
Roman Empire
DO NOW
WHAT ELEMENTS CAUSE THE FALL
OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE??????
SUMMARIZE THE THEORIES ABOUT
WHY THE ROMAN EMPIRE FELL AND
THEN TELL WHY SOME THEORIES
SEEM MORE POSSIBLE THAN
OTHERS.
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGES 177-178 IN THE SECTION
TITLED “THE FALL”
DO NOW
WHAT ELEMENTS CAUSE THE FALL
OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE??????
SUMMARIZE THE THEORIES ABOUT
WHY THE ROMAN EMPIRE FELL AND
THEN TELL WHY SOME THEORIES
SEEM MORE POSSIBLE THAN
OTHERS.
READ IN YOUR TEXTBOOKS ON
PAGES 148-150 IN THE SECTION
TITLED “CRISIS IN THE LATE
EMPIRE”
DO NOW
LOOK AT THE MAP ON PAGE 173 AND ANSWER
THE GEOGRAPHY SKILLS QUESTIONS. BY THE
TIME CONSTANTINE (ROMAN EMPEROR)
CONVERTED, CHRISTIANITY WAS WELL
ESTABLISHED IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND
SPREADING QUICKLY.
1. WHICH CLOSE GROUPING OF CITIES
CONSTITUTED SOME OF THE MAIN AREAS OF
CHRISTIAN GROWTH UP TO A.D. 325? HOW
DOES THIS CORRELATE TO THE HISTORY OF
CHRISTIANITY?
2. WHAT GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS BOTH
HELPED AND LIMITED THE SPREAD OF
CHRISTIANITY?
DO NOW
GET TO WORK ON YOUR GREEK
SKIT. THIS IS THE LAST DAY TO
WORK ON IT. TOMORROW YOU ARE
PRESENTING THE SKIT. IT IS
WORTH A PROJECT GRADE. THOSE
WHO ARE WRITING PAPERS THOSE
ARE ALSO DUE TOMORROW!!!! THE
TEST IS PUSHED BACK TO THUR, WE
ARE REVIEWING ON WED FOR THE
EXAM AFTER YOUR
PRESENTATION!!!!
DO NOW
TAKE OUT YOUR NOTES AND YOUR STUDY
GUIDES AND WORK ON YOUR SHORT
ANSWERS AND STUDY FOR YOUR TEST.
I AM CHECKING NOTES FOR CHAPTER 4
ANCIENT GREECE AND CHAPTER 5
ANCIENT ROME AND THE SPREAD OF
CHRISTIANITY FOR BONUS POINTS
WE ARE PLAYING WHO WANTS TO BE A
MILLIONARE TODAY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Invasions, civil wars, and plague came close to
causing the economic collapse of the Roman
Empire in the third century. There was a
noticeable decline in trade and small industry. A
labor shortage created by plague (an epidemic
disease) affected both military recruiting and the
economy. Farm production declined as fields
were ravaged by invaders or, even more often,
by the defending Roman armies. The monetary
system began to show signs of collapse (inflation
of products). Armies were needed more than
every, but financial strains made it difficult to pay
and enlist soldiers. By the mid-third century, the
state had to rely on hiring Germans to fight
under Roman commanders. These soldiers did
not understand Roman traditions and had little
loyalty to either the empire or the emperors.