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Rome
Chapter 1 section 3
September 9, 2010
Social Order
Patricians
Wealthy upper class
may hold public office
Plebeians
Craftsmen, Merchants
may merely vote
Slaves: no rights
Vote only
Participate
Roman
Greek
Consul
Patricians
Plebeians
Representatives
Citizens
Government
The Republic: Ruled by elected
representatives, patricians only
Vote: slaves and women were not allowed
to vote
Structure
• Senate – elected officials
• 2 consuls ran the government and army
• 2 praetors dealt with law and justice
Roman Law – Justice for all
Twelve Tables - laws only for
Romans
Law of Nations (Republic)
New territories with different
cultures required new codes based
on Natural Law (universal law
based on reason)
Examples of Roman Law
An accused person was presumed to be
innocent until proven guilty.
The accused was permitted to face the
accuser and offer a defense.
Guilt had to be established through
evidence.
Judges were expected to interpret the laws
and make fair decisions.
The Roman Empire
Expansion: Rome controlled all of the
Mediterranean by 0AD
Needed strict control for the harmony of the
state Pax Romana 14 – 180 AD
End of Republic
Senator Julius Caesar forces Roman senate
to make him dictator.
Caesar is murdered by his friend, Brutus.
Eventually, Senate crowns Julius Augustus
King (14 AD)
Roman Republic becomes Roman Empire –
Tyrants rule like Nero and Caligula
Empire falls in 476 AD.
Europe enters the Dark Ages
Spread of Christianity 325-600 AD
Consequences
Christian Church organized in similar
manner to Roman Empire – Pope,
Cardinals, etc.
Emphasis on virtue & duty to one’s
community/state
Importance of law and ethics to ensure a
stable society.
Value of the individual. (Humanism)
Quiz