Download 7. Chap 7 Sec 1 - PowerPoint

Map Questions
1. How do you think the role of the Alps and
the Apennines Mountains helped the
development of the Roman Empire? How do
you think it hindered the development?
2. How do you think Rome’s location on the
Italian Peninsula helped protect the city?
How do you think this location may have
hurt the city?
Founding a Republic Questions
• Identify Elements of the
geography of Italy and Rome.
• What is the creation story linked to
Rome?
• Who were the early rulers of
Rome and what were they like?
Chapter 7
Section 1:Founding the
Roman Republic
Geography - Positive
• Alps to north: protection against
invaders
• Central location in the
Mediterranean
–Control East and West
• Apennine Mountains:
–Did not prevent trade
Geography - Negative
• Alps separate Italy from Europe
• Passages through the Alps
• Enemies could attack.
• Long coastlines:
• Italy vulnerable to naval attacks
Founding Of Rome
 Etruscan Monarchs:
– Came from the North
– Ruled Rome
 Brought
(Late 600’s BC)
written language, fine arts,
paved roads, and sewers.
 Influenced Roman culture
 Built Rome into large city
 Romulus and Remus?
Greeks and Rome
Greeks:
Settled in Southern Italy
and Sicily
Influenced Roman religion
– Same gods/myths with different
names
~Jupiter – Roman
~Zeus – Greek
Strategic Location
*Rome built on 7 hills along the Tiber
River.
– 15 miles from the coast
*Protected from sea invasion
*Located at shallowest location of
river.
– perfect for trading
Early Roman Republic
*509 BC: Roman Aristocrats
overthrew Etruscan Monarchy
*Established a Republic:
–form of government in which
voters elect officials to run the
state
*Only male citizens
could vote
Senate
*Most powerful
*The Senate could…
–Controlled public funds
–Decided foreign policy
–Emergency: could propose for a
dictator.
*Dictator- ruled for six-months &
had total control of army and
courts
Magistrates
*Consuls – two elected officials
who served 1 year terms
*Governed with advice from
senate
*Consuls powers:
–Ran government
–commanded army
–appointed dictators
–Had veto power –“I Forbid”
Magistrates
*Praetors – assisted the consuls
–Commanded armies in times of
war
–Oversaw Roman legal system
–Interpreted Roman law
Magistrates
*Censors: Became Powerful
–Registered citizens according to
wealth
–Appointed candidates to the
Senate
–Oversaw moral character of
citizens
Assemblies
*Made up of citizens
-Voted on laws
-Elected officials including the
consuls
-Served as courts
*Elected 10 tribunes: had power
over Senate.
-could refuse actions of the
Senate.
Conflict of the Orders
*Struggle of
common people
to gain more
rights in the
Roman Republic
*Rome = two
classes
Patricians
vs.
Plebeians
* Majority of the
*Powerful,
population
noble
* Farmers and workers
landowners
* Few rights: voted but
*Controlled
could not hold office
government * Could not serve as
judges
*Inherited
* Laws: Not written
power
down
Plebeians Gain Rights
* Gained rights to:
-
Right to join army
hold office
form assemblies
elect tribunes
* Twelve Tables – 450 B.C. Written Roman Law placed in
the Forum for all to read
Nobility in the Republic
* By 342 B.C. – A plebeian always
held one consul position.
-Some became wealthy: considered
nobles
-Distinctions faded btw. two classes
* Nobles controlled the Republic.
-Public officials: Unpaid
The Republic Grows
* By 265
B.C.
Roman
controlled all of
Italy
south of
Rubicon
River
Role of the Roman Army
* Adult male citizens who owned
land: required to serve
* Strict Discipline:
-enforced by soldiers themselves
-Well trained with high morale
Roman Army
*Legion:
-Major unit of Roman Army
-4,500 – 6,000 soldiers
*Auxilia:
-Unit of noncitizens
Ruling the Conquered
*Romans ruled conquered people
well
-Wanted loyalty to Rome
-Full citizenship to Italians
-Partial citizenship to people of
distant cities.
~ex. Greece
Ruling the Conquered
*Conquered people expected to:
-Serve in army
-Provide farmland
*Conquering spread:
-Latin language
-Roman law
-Culture