Download Mitosis Review Question Set These are the basic questions that you

Mitosis Review Question Set
These are the basic questions that you should be able to answer in order to synthesis answers for higher level
question. Suggestion for Review: Print. Fold paper in half, quiz yourself.
Vocabulary: Mitosis, Cell Cycle, DNA, Interphase, Prohase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis, Chromation,
Chromasome, Centromere, Sister Chromatid, Nuclear Envelope, Centriole, Spindle Fiber, Cell Plate, Asexual Reproduction, Eukaryote,
Nucleus, Parent Cell, Daughter Cell,
Question
What do all cells have in common?
What is the difference between Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic cells?
How do Prokaryotic cells reproduce?
Why do cells divide?
Answer:
Cell membrane, genetic material
Eukaryotic: nucleus, membrane bound organelles, can be
multicellular organisms
Binary Fission
What is the cell cycle?
What are the three stages of the cell cycle?
What is the longest part of the cell cycle?
What happens during Interphase?
What are the phases of Mitosis in order?
What three things happen during Prophase?
What to the spindle fibers do?
What happens to the chromosomes during Metaphase?
What happens during Anaphase?
What happens to the nuclear envelope during Telophase?
What is the phase of the cell cycle when the cytoplasm
finally divides in two?
What are the resulting cells called after cell division?
How is a chromosome different from DNA.
What structure helps the DNA coil?
Describe the structure of the chromosome.
Why are there check points in the cell cycle?
To grow and develop, reproduce (as a species) , repair
tissue
The cycle from parent cell to daughter cells
Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
Interphase
DNA replication and holding pattern
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Centrioles move, Nuc. Env. Dissolves, DNA condenses
Pull the sister chromatids apart
Chromosomes align in the middle
Sister Chromatids are pulled apart
It reforms
Cytokinesis
Daughter cells
Chromosomes are DNA coiled with histone proteins
Histones
Two Super coiled DNA strands wound around histones.
Sister chromatids are attached at a centromere
To stop unwanted or messed up cellular division. (cancer)
Print cut and sort.
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
DNA is replicated is
the nucleus. The
longest phase of the
cell cycle.
The centrioles move to
opposite ends of the
cell. DNA condenses
into chromosomes,
nuclear envelope
dissolves.
The chromosomes
align in the middle of
the cell. Spindle fibers
connect the centrioles
and the sister
chromatids.
The spindle fibers pull
sister chromatids to
opposite ends of the
cell.
The nuclear envelope
starts to reform. The
cytoplasm pinches
inward and a cell
plate appears
between the
developing daughter
cells.
Cytokinesis
The cytoplasm
pinches off.
Chromosomes
unwind and
daughter cells are
formed.
DNA Structure Question Set
Vocabulary: DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, phosphate, sugar, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, hydrogen bond, ester bond, nitrogenous
base, adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine, backbone, double helix, Purine, Pyrimidine, Base pairing, complimentary, nucleotide,
polymer, monomer
Question:
Who is credited with the discovery of the shape of DNA?
What two things did Francis Crick say that DNA could do?
What type of biomolecule is DNA?
Nucleic Acids are made of what type of monomer?
Nucleotides are composed of three parts. What are they?
How many types of Nitrogenous bases are there in DNA?
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?
Which two have double rings?
What are the double ringed nitrogenous bases called?
What are the single ringed bases called?
What is the “backbone” of DNA made out of?
What is the scientific name for the shape of DNA?
What is “Base Pairing”?
Adenine always pairs with…?
Cytosine always pairs with….?
Why is it important that “Base Pairing” occurs?
What type of bond occurs between the nitrogenous
bases?
What type of bond occurs between the phosphate and
sugar groups?
What does 5’ 3’ mean?
Answer:
James Watson and Francis Crick in 1962
It can replicate itself and it contains the information for
all cellular processes
A nucleic acid
Nucleotides
Phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen base
4
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, thymine
Adenine and Guanine
Purines
Pyrimidines
Phosphate and sugar groups repeating
Deoxyribonucleic acid
The process by which nitrogenous base only combine
with a select other nitrogenous base
Thymine
Guanine
It means the you can always reconstruct the opposite
strand using the single strand
Hydrogen bonds
Ester bonds
DNA has directionality. Each strand is assembles in the
opposite direction. The phosphate is 5’ , the sugar is the
3’ end.
DNA Replication Question Set
Vocabulary: nucleic acid, hydrogen bond, nitrogenous base, adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine, backbone, double helix,
Base
pairing, complimentary, helicase, DNA polymerase, Ligase, lagging strand, okazaki fragments, replication fork, nucleotide
Question:
What is the semi-conservative model for DNA
replication?
What is an “origin of replication”?
How does replication know where to start?
Can a Eukaryote have more than one “origin of
replication”?
Why is it an advantage to have many Replication
bubbles?
What is the name for the Y-shaped region at the end
of the bubble where the Helix is being unzipped?
What type of protein enzyme is responsible for
“unzipping” the helix?
What enzyme starts the actual synthesis of the new
DNA?
What does DNA polymerase do?
Which end are nucleotides added to? 3’ replication
occurs 5’ to 3’
What is the difference between Leading strand and
lagging strand?
What are Okazaki fragments?
What rejoins the Okazaki fragments?
Where does DNA replication occur?
Answer:
New strands are one old one new.
Where replication starts.
Short stretches of nucleotide sequences.
can have 100’s
Faster process
The replication fork
helicase
DNA polymerase
It binds nucleotides to create a complimentary strand of new DNA
replication occurs 5’ to 3’
Leading strand lead the fork division and occur continuously.
Lagging strand follow behind and are discontinuous.
The lagging strand segments.
Ligase
In the nucleus
Transcription Question Set
Vocabulary: DNA, RNA (ribonucleic acid), nitrogenous base, adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine, uracil, single stranded,
backbone, double helix, Base pairing, complimentary, RNA polymerase
Question:
What does it mean to transcribe?
What enzyme unzips DNA during transcription?
What different nucleotide do they use?
How does RNA polymerase know where to begin?
Where does transcription occur?
What is the central Dogma of Biology?
What type of RNA is generated during transcription?
How does the mRNA compare to the DNA?
Why is only a small portion of DNA transcribed?
Why is mRNA needed?
What are the two DNA strands called during transcription?
Where does the mRNA go after it is constructed?
What is a promoter?
What is a terminator or termination region?
Answer:
To create another version
RNA polymerase
Uracil
Specific Sequences
In the nucleus
DNA is transcribed into RNA, RNA is translated into
Proteins
mRNA (messenger RNA)
It is a compliment. (but, thymine is replaced with uracil)
Only a small piece contains the specific code needed at that
time.
DNA does not leave the nucleus. mRNA delivers the info
from DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
The strand being used is called the or “template strand” or
“antisense strand”. The other strand is the “non-coding
strand”
Into the cytoplasm to a ribosome
A region of DNA that promotes the bonding of RNA
polymerase to start transcription.
Where RNA polymerase is signaled to stop transcribing.
Translation Question Set
Vocabulary: DNA, RNA, nitrogenous base, adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine, uracil, Base pairing, complimentary, mRNA, tRNA,
rRNA, Anti-codon, codon, amino acid, peptide bond, polypeptide, polymer, monomer, protein, synthesis,
Question
What is translation?
Where is the code for the amino acids coming from?
How does the mRNA code compare to the DNA code?
What type of RNA is composed much of the structure of a
ribosome?
What is the function of tRNA?
How does the tRNA code compare to that of the mRNA?
How does the tRNA code compare to that of the original
DNA?
What monomer or building block does tRNA contribute to
the translation process?
How do tRNA molecules relate to amino acids?
How many nitrogenous bases long is a codon?
How many amino acids are used by the human body?
Answer:
The process by which RNA codes for Amino acids to make
polypeptides (proteins)
DNA in the nucleus, carried by mRNA
It is opposite or complimentary. Ex: DNA=ATG mRNA= UAC
rRNA
Each tRNA delivers a specific amino acid to the ribosome to be
added to the growing polypeptide chain.
The tRNA carries a anti-codon or opposite codon to the mRNA
message
tRNA is a RNA copy of the coding strand of DNA.
EX: coding DNA=ATG template DNA= TAC mRNA=AUG
(codon) tRNA=UAC (anti-codon)
Amino acids
They are specific to one type of amino acid
Three
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