Download Unit 8 Lesson 7 Later Islamic Empires

Unit 8
Lesson 7
Later Islamic Empires
Lesson 7 – Later Islamic Empires
Write the term or person in your notebook, and then write the
description that best matches it.
1. Mehmed II
2. Abu Bakr
3. Shia
4. Sunni
5. Suleyman I
a. The First caliph
b. Leader who ruled during the height of the
Ottoman Empire
c. Group that believed that caliphs had to be
descendants of Muhammad
d. Leader of the Ottomans who used huge
cannons to conquer Constantinople
e. Group that did not believe that caliphs
had to be related to Muhammad
Generalization: Contact, conflict and conquest often result in cultural diffusion
Big Idea – After the early spread of Islam, three large Islamic empires formed –
the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal.
- explain – How did Akbar’s policies help unify the Mughal
Empire? His policy of tolerance helped unite the empire and
make it peaceful
- contrast – How did Sunni and Shia beliefs about caliphs differ?
Sunnis didn’t think caliphs had to be related to Muhammad.
The Shia thought caliphs had to be members of Muhammad’s
family
- evaluate – in your opinion, was conquest or trade more
effective in spreading Islam? Why?
– analyzing – how did the Ottomans gain land
for their empire?
The Ottoman Empire
- expanded
- Eastern Europe
- North Africa and Arabia
- systematically taking lands from the Byzantine Empire
- key to expansion – their army
- Janissaries
- Christian boys taken as slaves and trained to be Islamic
warriors
The Ottomans
trained Christian
boys from
conquered towns
to be fierce
soldiers and take
territory form
the Byzantine
Empire; they
used new
gunpowder
weapons and
huge cannons
- Constantinople fell to Mehmed II in 1453
- he made it his new capital
- changed the name to Istanbul
- converted Hagia Sophia to a mosque
- total replacement of Greco-Roman culture
with Islamic
- Suleiman I (Suleiman the Magnificent)
- empire at its height under his reign
- took control of the Eastern Mediterranean
- pushed into Eastern Europe
- stopped by Vlad Tepes
- Empire lasted until the end of World War I
- analyze – how did the conquest
of Constantinople help the
Ottoman Empire expand?
Its location made expanding into
Europe much easier.
Captured Constantinople in 1453
- changed name to Istanbul – age 21
His navy was stopped by a chain – carried his ships overland
Took Yugoslavia and
Albania
- went against Venice
and other Italian city-states
- Occupied Syria, Israel,
Egypt and Algeria
Fought Prince Vald of Wallachia
The Safavid Empire
- Muslim empire in Persia
- in conflict with other Muslim groups
- Islam had spilt in the 600s over who should be caliph
- Shia – thought only Muhammad’s descendants could be
caliphs
- Safavid were Shia
- Sunni – caliphs did not have to be related to Muhammad
- Ottomans were Sunnis
Esma’il
- conquered Persia in 1501
- took the old Persian title of shah
- made Shiism the official religion of the empire
- wars to expand Shiism
- won against the Uzbeks, but lost to the Ottomans
Abbas
- strengthened the military – used gunpowder weapons
- used slave soldiers
- defeated the Uzbeks and took back land from the Ottomans
- blended Persian and Muslim cultures
- empire lasted until the mid-1700s
- identify – what two cultural traditions did the
Safavid Empire blend?
Persian and Muslim
- analyze – why did the Safavids come into
conflict with the Ottomans?
Because of a conflict concerning how to decide
who should become caliph
- define – how do the Sunnis and Shia differ?
The Shia thought that only Muhammad’s
descendants could be caliph. The Sunni did
not think caliphs had to be related to
Muhammad
Muslim rule of India – 700s to 1200s
- repeated invasion by Muslim invaders
- southern India
- The Deccan stayed Hindu
- taken by the Muslims in the 1300s
The Delhi Sultanate
1200s - Turkish Muslims had conquered large parts of Northern India
- capital at Delhi
- treated Hindu's harshly, but could not force them to convert
- two religions lived side by side – some diffusion, but not mixed
The Mughal Empire
- Turkish/Mongol Muslim empire in northern India
- founded by Babur in 1526
- Akbar
- expanded the empire
- policy of religious tolerant
- Shah Jahan
- Taj Mahal
- finding main idea – how did
peace and unity in the Mughal
empire lead to rich culture?
Various groups, such as the Muslims
and Hindus, lived together and over
time elements of Persian, Islamic and
Hindu cultures blended
Founded by Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur
- decedent of Timur [great-great grandson]
- conquered Delhi in 1526 – founded a new kingdom
- defeated last Delhi Sultan – Ibrahim shah Lodi at the First Battle of
Painpat
- his death led to civil war
Followed by his son Humayun
- lost the empire and had to flee to Persia, but eventually got it back (with
Persian help) and then expanded it
- died – coming down stairs with books, call to prayer – tripped on his robe and f
ell down the stairs
- died 3 days later
1556 – his son Akbar took power
- continued to expand the empire – capital Delhi
- 13 when he took the throne
- patron of the arts and architecture
- allowed freedom of religion
- tried to end conflict between Muslim and Hindu
- appointed Hindus to the government and took Hindu wives, held
religious discussion among groups, gave money to build not only Muslim Mosques, but
also Hindu temples and Christian churches
- died of dysentery
Followed by his son Jahangir (Persian – conqueror of the world)
- wife – Nur Jahan – real power behind the throne
- ruled with an iron fist during her husbands’ alcohol and opium
addiction
- this would eventually kill him
Shah Johan (Persian – king of the world) – born Shahzada Khurram
- descended from both Genghis Khan and Charlemagne
- when he took power, executed his chief rivals and imprisoned Nur Jahan
- considered a golden age – expanded empire with his sons as generals
At 15, married Persian Ajumand Banu Begun – called Mumtaz Mahal (Jewel of the Palace)
- traveled with her husband – constant companion and trusted confidant
- considered perfect wife with no aspiration to political power
- built the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife who died giving birth to their 14th
child
Became ill in 1658
- oldest son, Dara took role as regent – angered his other brothers
- Shuja and Murad Baksh marched on Agra
- 3rd son, Aurangzeb took command of the army and defeated Dara at
the Battle of Samugarh
- Shah Jahan recovered by Aurangzeb declared him incompetent and imprisoned
him
- died of dysentery in 1666
Aurangzeb Alamgir took over in 1658
- considered the last great Moghul king
- ruled India, Pakistan, Bangladest and most of
Afghanistan
- prohibited all religions except Islam
- dismissed Hindus from government
- raised taxes on Hindus
- destroyed Hindu temples
- started war against Hindu Kingdoms in Southern
India
- failed to conqueror them – died in 1707
Empire weakened
- civil wars between Muslim nobility
- law and order broke down
- corrupt government
- religious persecution
- Delhi invaded by Persians in 1739
- Europeans began to control trade – French
and British
- eventually the British took control
from the Mogul Empire
a. Abu Bakr
b. Baghdad
c. caliph
d. Islam
e. Janissaries
f. Mehmed II
g. Moors
h. Mughals
i. Shia
j. Suleyman I
k. Sunni
l. Taj Mahal
m. temple
1. Chosen as leader of Islam after the death of Muhammad
2. Title that Muslims use for highest leader
3.Ruled Spain for over 700 years
4.Slave soldiers, converted to Islam and became fierce warriors
5. Capital of Islamic Empire in 762
6. Led Ottomans to conquer Constantinople in 1453
7. Muslims who thought only descendants of Muhammad could become
caliphs
8. Group that thinks caliphs do not have to be related to Muhammad
9. Turkish Muslims from Central Asia
10. A tomb built between 1631 and 1647 by Emperor Shah Jahan
True or false move to final lesson
- Janissaries converted to Islam and became fierce warriors in the Ottoman army. T
- The Sunni believed that only a descendant of Muhammad could become the highest
leader of Islam. F Shia
Determinining the Context of Statements
1. Muhammad
2. Mehmen II
India.”
3. Avicenna
4. Esma’il
5. Abu Bakr
Medina.”
6. A Mughal emperor
a. “I have conquered Constantinople.”
b. “I want to build a new palace, the finest ever built in
c. “I want to conquer more Muslim lands and convert the
people within them to Shisim.”
d. “I hope my medical encyclopedia helps others to use
what I have learned about treating diseases.”
e. “I have decided to accept the invitation to move north to
f. “Being chosen as the first caliph is a high honor for me.”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Tolerance
Charlemagne
topography
Jihad
Charlemagne
Eurasia
Caliph
Islam
Medieval
a. The landmass that includes Europe and Asia
b. The Muslims’ title for the highest leader of Islam
c. The man who brought Islam to Arabia
d. To struggle, or to make an effort; also “holy war.”
e. The shape and elevation of land in a region
f. The king who built up a huge empire in Europe in the late 700s/
g. A religion based on the messages Muhammad received from Allah
h. The Middle Ages is also called the ___________ period.
i. Acceptance
Word Bank
Sufism
Five Pillars of Islam
The Qur’an states that Muslims must make a pilgrimage to Mecca once in their lifetime if
they can.
A movement called Shiism influenced many poets.
Reviewing Themes
Religion
economics
Technology and innovation
geography
politics
1. Trade, markets, goods
2. A monastery is a community of men who devote their lives to prayer, work and
meditation
3. Arabian Peninsula, oasis, sand dunes
4. A missionary is a person who tries to convert others to their faith
5. The Five Pillars of Islam, prayers, mosque