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Transcript
November 9, 2016 Journal: What is a theory? Are theories always true? EVOLUTION Evolution Definition Process of species changing over time Charles Darwin: The Father of Evolution A. Darwin was NOT the first person to propose evolution… B. He did propose a way evolution happens called Natural Selection Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Over time, the number of individuals that carry an advantageous trait in a population will increase Steps of Natural Selection Overproduction: more offspring than can survive are produced Steps of Natural Selection Variation: there are differences between the traits in these offspring Steps of Natural Selection Selection: In a given environment, having a particular trait can make individuals more or less likely to survive Steps of Natural Selection Adaptation: Over time, the traits that improve fitness will become more common. Fitness: The ability for an organism to survive and reproduce. Types of Adaptations Physical Adaptations Warning Coloration Mimicry Behavioral Adaptations Horned Lizards Octopus Speciation The selection of various adaptations can help lead to speciation The formation of a new species Species – Group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring How does speciation occur? Reproductive Isolation: When two species can no longer interbreed to produce offspring Geographic Isolation Mating Behavior and Timing Microevolution Process that cause changes in the inherited traits observed in a population over time Natural Selection Migration Mutation Mate Choice Genetic Drift: Random effects of everyday life that cause differences in survival and reproduction rates Macroevolution Convergent Evolution: Species in similar environments have similar adaptations Macroevolution Coevolution: Species that alive in close contact often evolve adaption to each other Adaptive radiation: Over time, species split into one or more lines of descendants Gradualism Evolutionary change comes about gradually over time Punctuated Equilibrum Rapid change that results in a new species quickly Extinction All members of a lineage die off Tasmanian Tiger Quagga