Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Lymphopoiesis wikipedia , lookup
Immune system wikipedia , lookup
Psychoneuroimmunology wikipedia , lookup
Monoclonal antibody wikipedia , lookup
Adaptive immune system wikipedia , lookup
Cancer immunotherapy wikipedia , lookup
Molecular mimicry wikipedia , lookup
Innate immune system wikipedia , lookup
Adoptive cell transfer wikipedia , lookup
Immunity Adapted from Adlai E. Stevenson High School Primary Function of the Immune System Provides protection against disruption by pathogens or toxins Helps discriminate between “self” and “nonself” Pathogen - Definition: – Any disease causing agent (microorganisms) Types: – – – – Bacteria Viruses Parasites Fungi The Defenses Non-Specific Definition: – Agents do not have to recognize a foreign invader to fight it (work by preventing pathogen from entering the body) Examples: – – – – – – Skin Tears Saliva Sweat Mucus Macrophage The Defenses Definition: Specific – Agents attacks only certain invaders, specialized defense Types of Cells – Helper T cells • 1st line of specific defense • Help recruit other immune cells & tell them to attack certain invaders – Killer T cells • Can distinguish virus infected cells from uninfected cells by the unique molecular signals on the infected cells surface – B cells • Told by helper T cells to make antibodies to prevent specific antigens from hurting the body…. “Memory” Lymphocyte Function T cell response – Attach to foreign antigen bearing cells and interact directly B cell response – Differentiate into plasma cells – Produce antibodies Cell Mediated Immunity Humoral Immunity Antibodies & Antigens Proteins Can recognize chemical signals from another cell (pathogen) “Self” Y shape Chemical signal on the surface of a pathogen Cell Mediated Immunity Cytotoxic T cells Killer T cells recognize body cells infected with a virus; then destroy those cells by drilling holes in their plasma membranes. Cell or Antibody Mediated Immunity Helper T cells Helper T cells start the immune response by activating B or T cells. T cells and cell-mediated immunity Macrophage Antigen-presenting cell cytotoxic T cell suppressor T cell Helper T cell Antigen-presenting cell APC B cell Antibody Mediated Immunity B cells – Activated when it encounters an antigen that fits its antigen receptor – Proliferates (colonial expansion) • Plasma cells->antibodies • Memory cells-->future fights Vaccines What is in the shot they give you? – Dead or inactive (attenuated) pathogens How does it work? – Cause B cells to make antibodies against the foreign antigen The Memory of Infection Autoimmune Disorders “Auto” = self Definition: a disease in which the immune system attacks the tissue of the body; cause is generally unknown Immune system distinguishes “self” from “non-self Examples: – multiple sclerosis (MS) T cells destroy myelin sheath around neurons Cold Virus, Rubella, & Strep Common Cold Virus – Influenza; contagious viral infection of the nose, throat and lungs which often occurs in the winter. Rubella virus – German measles Streptococcus bacterium – Strep throat is an infection of the pharynx caused by streptococcus bacteria. Treatments: – Strep Throat • Antibiotics such as penicillin or erythromycin – Rubella • Vaccine – Influenza