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Figure 18.17 Phases of the Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses HUMORAL RESPONSE Interleukin-1 (a cytokine) activates a TH cell. Class II MHC protein Interleukin-1 Macrophage Cytokines Antigen The antigen is taken up by phagocytosis and degraded in a lysosome. Cytokines released by the TH cell stimulate it to proliferate. T cell receptor A T cell receptor recognizes processed antigen bound to a class II MHC protein on the macrophage. Figure 18.17 Phases of the Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses HUMORAL RESPONSE TH cells proliferate and form a clone. Figure 18.17 Phases of the Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses HUMORAL RESPONSE Cytokines activate B cell proliferation. B cell The binding of antigen to a specific IgM receptor triggers endocytosis, degradation, and display of the processed antigen. A T cell receptor recognizes processed antigen bound to a class II MHC protein on a B cell. Figure 18.17 Phases of the Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses HUMORAL RESPONSE Plasma cell Endoplasmic reticulum Antibodies B cells proliferate and differentiate. The plasma cell produces antibodies. Figure 18.17 Phases of the Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses CELLULAR RESPONSE Class I MHC protein Infected cell Antigen A viral protein made in an infected cell is degraded into fragments and picked up by a class I MHC protein. Cytotoxic T cell (TC) A T cell receptor recognizes processed antigen bound to a class I MHC protein on an infected cell. Figure 18.17 Phases of the Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses CELLULAR RESPONSE TC cell proliferates and forms a clone. Figure 18.17 Phases of the Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses CELLULAR RESPONSE Infected cell Perforin A T cell receptor again recognizes processed antigen bound to a class I MHC protein. The T cell releases perforin… Figure 18.17 Phases of the Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses CELLULAR RESPONSE …which lyses the infected cell.