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Active Lecture Questions
CHAPTER
21
The Immune
System:
Innate and
Adaptive Body
Defenses
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following best describes the
immune system?
a. The set of clearly defined organs that
connect structurally to defend the body
from pathogens
b. The organ set that accumulates
pathogens and kills them
c. The diverse set of molecules and immune
cells that are found in lymphoid tissue and
fluids throughout the body
d. The set of organs that provides antibodies
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Which of the following act as the first line of
defense against foreign pathogens?
a. Skin
b. Synovial membranes
c. Mucous membranes
d. Both a and c
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The two intrinsic defense systems have
many components. Which of the following
cell types is not a contributor to specific
immunity?
a. Natural killer cells
b. Plasma cells
c. B cells
d. T cells
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Which of the following is not a mechanical
barrier to pathogen invasion?
a. Mucus
b. Lysozyme in tears
c. Saliva
d. Interferon
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Macrophages are derived from ________.
a. megakaryocytes
b. monocytes
c. T lymphocytes
d. plasma cells
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In order for some phagocytes to destroy
certain pathogens they have ingested (like
tuberculosis), _____ must be deployed.
a. lysosomes
b. diapedesis
c. the respiratory burst
d. complement
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________ and __________ are the most
common phagocytic cells in the blood.
a. Neutrophils; eosinophils
b. Eosinophils; monocytes
c. Neutrophils; monocytes
d. Natural killer cells; eosinophils
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What characteristic do all inflammatory
chemicals share?
a. They are all a type of histamine.
b. They all help stop bleeding.
c. They are all vasodilators.
d. They are all secreted by macrophages.
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An increase in white blood cell number at
sites of injury, which is characteristic of
inflammation, is called ________.
a. chemotaxis
b. leukocytosis
c. leukemia
d. diapedesis
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The process by which phagocytes exit
capillaries and enter injured tissue is called
_________.
a. chemotaxis
b. leukocytosis
c. diffusion
d. diapedesis
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Your hand has a scratch. What signals
would indicate that the injury is inflamed?
a. Cold, gray, sunken, numb
b. Yellow, not swollen, tingling, normal
temperature
c. Red, hot, swollen, painful
d. No change to the site other than evidence
of the scratch
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A patient has contracted the hepatitis C
virus. Which of the following drug
therapies might be effective?
a. Aspirin
b. Interferon
c. Penicillin
d. Ibuprofen
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The basic mechanism employed by
complement to fight bacterial infections is
_______.
a. antibody production
b. fever elevation
c. bacterial cell membrane lysis
d. antiviral protein synthesis
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The process of attaching complement
proteins to the bacterial cell wall to enhance
phagocytosis is called _________.
a. optimization
b. MAC attachment
c. complement activation
d. opsonization
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What would be the body’s response if the
hypothalamus detected pyrogens?
a. An increase in body temperature set point
b. Mobilization of lymphocytes from the bone
marrow
c. Increased sweating to lower body
temperature
d. Complement inhibition
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Which of the following materials or
compounds would be the most highly
immunogenic?
a. Nonself-antibody
b. Plastic
c. Hapten
d. Self-antibody
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The presence of _______ proteins makes it
possible for our immune system to
differentiate between our cells and those
that are foreign.
a. antigenic determinant
b. MHC
c. hapten
d. antibody
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The adaptive immune system involves three
major cell types: antigen-presenting cells, T
cells, which constitute _______ immunity,
and B cells, which govern _______
immunity.
a. nonspecific; specific
b. antigenic; allergic
c. MHC; MAC
d. cell-mediated; humoral
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_______ become antigenic if they attach
themselves to larger proteins.
a. Haptens
b. Antigenic determinants
c. Pyrogens
d. MHC proteins
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Why would a patient with no thymus lack an
effective humoral immune response?
a. B cells develop into plasma cells in the
thymus.
b. T cells are responsible for humoral
immunity.
c. B cells are produced in the thymus.
d. Certain T cells are required to activate B
cells into antibody-producing cells.
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Lymphocytes are educated within primary
lymphoid organs. B cells are educated in
the _______ while T cells are educated in
the ________.
a. bone marrow; thymus
b. thymus; bone marrow
c. bone marrow; bone marrow
d. thymus; thymus
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During clonal selection of B cells, those B
cells with complementary membrane
receptors to the invading antigen will
differentiate into ________ cells.
a. humoral
b. clonal
c. plasma
d. T cells
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The basis of immunity is the presence of
_______ cells.
a. plasma
b. memory
c. clonal
d. humoral
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A patient has been immunized against
chicken pox. What type of immunity is
this?
a. Naturally acquired passive
b. Artificially acquired passive
c. Naturally acquired active
d. Artificially acquired active
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In which class of molecules are antibodies
classified?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Nucleic acids
d. Proteins
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Of the following classes of antibodies,
which can cross the placenta?
a. IgG
b. IgA
c. IgM
d. IgD
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Which of the following best describes an
antibody’s mode of action?
a. Antibodies punch holes in bacterial cell
membranes.
b. Antibodies immobilize antigens and mark
them for destruction.
c. Antibodies bind to antigens and transport
them to the liver for excretion.
d. Antibodies secrete antiviral proteins.
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How are T cells “introduced” to antigens?
a. T cells bind to and phagocytose antigens.
b. Antibodies immobilize the antigens for T
cell recognition and destruction.
c. Antigen-presenting cells link antigenic
peptides to MHC proteins to which T cells
will attach.
d. T cells wait in the blood until an antigen
collides with them and binds to their TCR.
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How is the cytotoxic T cell mechanism of
action similar to that of complement?
a. Cytotoxic T cells activate B cells to
produce antibodies.
b. Cytotoxic T cells induce cell lysis with
perforin, a protein similar to complement’s
MAC.
c. Cytotoxic T cells secrete the proteins that
activate complement.
d. Cytotoxic T cells are antigen-presenting
cells similar to the complement proteins
found on B cells.
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When antibodies develop against a person’s
own cells, this is an example of a(n)
________.
a. delayed hypersensitivity
b. immediate hypersensitivity
c. allergy
d. autoimmune disease
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