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MAET 2009 Year 2
Week 1 Day 3
Behaviorism
Behaviorism
Cognitivism
Socioculturalism
Thorndike, Pavlov, Watson,
Guthrie, Hull, Tolman, Skinner
Koffka, Kohler, Gagne, Piaget,
Ausubel,
Bandura, Salomon
View of the learning
process
Change in behavior
Internal mental process (including
insight, information processing,
memory, perception
Interaction /observation in social
contexts. Movement from the
periphery to the center of a
community of practice
Locus of learning
Stimuli in external environment
Internal cognitive structuring
Learning is in relationship between
people and environment.
Purpose in education
Produce behavioral change in
desired direction
Develop capacity and skills to learn
better
Full participation in communities of
practice and utilization of resources
Educator’s role
Arranges environment to elicit
desired response
Structures content of learning
activity
Works to establish communities of
practice in which conversation and
participation can occur.
Behavioral objectives
Competency -based education
Skill development and training
Cognitive development
Intelligence, learning and memory
as function of age
Learning how to learn
Learning Theorists
Manifestations in
adult learning
Socialization
Social participation
Associationalism
Conversation
Classical conditioning:
Pavlov’s dog – pairing NS with UCS to get CR
Operant conditioning:
Skinner – positive and negative reinforcement; punishment
Reinforcement
(behavior increases)
Punishment (behavior
decreases)
Positive
(something
is added)
Positive reinforcement:
Something is added to
increase desired behavior
(e.g., smile and compliment
student on good behavior)
Positive punishment
Something is added to
decrease undesired
behavior (e.g., given student
detention for failing to follow
class rules)
Negative
(something
is removed)
Negative reinforcement:
Something is removed to
increase desired behavior
(e.g., give a free homework
pass for turning in all
assignments)
Negative punishment:
Something is removed to
decrease undesired
behavior (e.g., make student
miss time in recess for not
following class rules)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy_mIE
nnlF4&feature=PlayList&p=CA8ADF1E2E
1997DC&playnext_from=PL&playnext=1&i
ndex=7
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWyZH
SZf3TM&feature=related
Behaviorism in education
Video Games
Tetris:
http://www.freetetris.org
Tetris is a simple game but involves multiple
reinforcers. Reinforcers include:
Positive Reinforcers:
• Gaining points and clearing rows
• High Score or improving on a previous score
• Fitting blocks
• Winning or advancing to the next level
Negative Reinforcers:
• Avoidance of losing
• Build up of rows
• Failure to beat an earlier high score
Gambling
http://www.freeslots.com/slots-1.htm
FastMath
http://www.tomsnyder.com/fasttmath/tour.html
• Langer:
– What is mindful learning?
– Why might one want to strive for mindful
learning?
– Which way would you prefer to learn (mindful
or not)?
• Which way should we teach?
Skinner’s Influence
• Find software on the web that uses
behaviorist principles to teach
• http://viking.coe.uh.edu/~ichen/ebook/etit/behavior.htm